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IST 164 CH1

TCP/IP Communication

TermDefinition
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) A network protocol suite designed to deliver data packets to computers on any scale of network from a small two-computer LAN to the worldwide Internet.
MAC Address A physical-layer address that is an integral part of a network interface card (NIC)
frame A Data Link layer unit of data that contains a destination and source MAC address and an error-checking code that is ready to be transferred to the network medium.
segment A Transport-layer unit of data that is used by TCP and UDP; it contains the destination and source port numbers used to identify Application-layer protocols.
source IP address The IP address of a computer that's sending a packet.
destination IP address The IP address of the computer a packet is sent to.
unicast address An address in a unit of network data intended for a single destination computer.
octets An 8-bit value; a number from 0 to 255 that's one of the four numbers in a dotted decimal IP address.
subnet mask A 32-bit dotted decimal number consisting of an unbroken series of binary 1 digits followed by an unbroken series of binary 0 digits; used with an IP address to determine the network ID.
logical AND operation A binary operation in which there are two operands; the result is 0 if either operand is 0 and 1 if both operands are 1.
multicasting A network communication in which a packet is addressed so that more than one destination can receive it.
loopback address The IP address 127.0.0.1, which always refers to the local computer and is used to test the functioning of TCP/IP.
localhost A reserved name that corresponds to the loopback address, 127.0.0.1. See also loopback address.
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) A method of automatic IP address assignments that occurs when a computer can't contact a DHCP server; uses the range 169.254.1.0 through 169.254.254.255.
link-local An address that can communicate only on the local LAN.
Network Address Translation (NAT) A process which a router or other type of gateway device replaces the source or destination IP addresses in a packet before forwarding the packet.
classful addressing The use of IP addresses with their default subnet masks according to their address class: A, B, or C.
Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) The use of IP addresses without requiring the default subnet mask. See also subnet mask.
CIDR notation A method of expressing an IP address in the format A.B.C.D/n; n is the number of 1 bits in the subnet mask or the number of bits in the network ID. See also Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR).
broadcast domain The bounds of a network that defines which devices must receive a packet that's broadcast by any other device; usually an IP subnet.
broadcast A packet addressed to all computers on the network.
subnetting A process that reallocates bits from an IP address's host portion to the network portion, creating multiple smaller address spaces.
supernetting A process that reallocates bits from an IP address's network portion to the host portion, effectively combining smaller subnets into a larger supernet.
default gateway Part of a computer's IP address configuration, it is the address of a device, usually a router, that tells the computer where packets destined for another network should be sent.
metric A value assigned to the gateway based on the speed of the interface used to access the gateway.
Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 interface ID An autoconfigured IPv6 host address that uses the MAC address of the host plus an additional 16 bits.
link-local IPv6 addresses Similar in function to the IPv4 APIPA addresses, link-local IPv6 addresses begin with FE80, are self-configuring, and can't be routed. See also Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
zone id A number that is used to distinguish which interface an IPv6 link-local address is bound to.
Unique local IPv6 addresses An address for devices on a private network that can't be routed on the Internet.
dual IP layer architecture The current architecture of the IPv6 protocol in Windows, in which both IPv4 and IPv6 share the other components of the stack.
Tunneling A common network protocol technique that allows transmitting a packet in a format that would otherwise be incompatible with the network architecture by encapsulating the packet in a compatible header format.
Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) An automatic tunneling protocol used to transmit IPv6 packets between dual IP layer hosts across an IPv4 network. See also dual IP layer architecture.
6to4 An IPv4-to-IPv6 transition protocol that provides automatic tunneling of IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 network. It can handle host-to-router or router-to-host tunneling but is most often used to create a router-to-router tunnel.
Teredo An automatic IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling protocol that solves the problem of 6to4's requirement of a public IPv4 address and the inability to traverse NAT routers. See also 6to4.
Teredo client A host device behind a NAT router that's running IPv4 and IPv6 and wants to use Teredo tunneling to access IPv6 devices or other Teredo clients across an IPv4 network.
Teredo server A host on the Internet running IPv4 and IPv6 that's connected to both IPv4 and IPv6 networks that facilitates communication between Teredo clients.
Teredo relay A router running IPv6 to IPv4 that forwards packets between Teredo clients and hosts on IPv6 networks. The Teredo relay advertises the 2001::/32 network to let hosts know that it provides Teredo relay services
octet An 8-bit value; a number from 0 to 255 that's one of the four numbers in a dotted decimal IP address.
Created by: cswilloughby15
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