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Fluid Balances
Fluid, Balnces and homeostasis in the body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is implied by the term fluid and electrolyte imbalance? | Homeostasis |
| What are the characteristics of electrolytes? | They have chemical bonds that dissassociate into ions that are critical to fluid balance. |
| What percent of bodyweight is fluid? | 45% to 75% |
| What factors determine fluid content in the body? | Age, gender, weight, and fat content. |
| What are the two major fluid compartments? | Extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF). |
| What is ECF comprised of? | Mostly plasma and interstitial fluid. |
| What fluids are considered extracellular? | Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid and intersitial fluid. |
| What is the purpose of ECF? | It porvides a relatively constant environment for cells and transports subatances to and from cells. |
| What is the function of ICF? | Facilliation of intracellular chemical reactions that maintain life. |
| How does water enter the body? | Through the digestive tract, and it is added tototal fluid volumes from cells when they are catabolized. |
| How does water leave the body? | As urine through the kidney, during expiration, sweat, and feces. |
| What is the cardinal principle of fluid balance? | Fluid balances can only be maintained if intake equlas output. |
| What happens when there is a decrease in fluid intake? | Osmoreceptors trigger the release of ADH, |
| What are the two factors that determine urine volume? | Glomerular filtration rate and rate of tubular reabsorption. |
| What are the factors that alter fluid loss under abnormal conditions? | Rate of respiration, volume of sweat, vomiting, diarrhea, and intestinal drainage. |
| What four pressures are part of Starlings law of capillaries? | Internal pressures: Blood hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure. External pressures: interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure. |
| What is filtration? | Movement of water from higher hydrostatic pressure to lower hydrostatic pressure. |
| What is osmosis? | Movement of water from lower osmotic pressure to higher osmotic pressure. |
| What causes fluid to shift from blood into tissues? | Hydrostatic pressure difference goes up or osmotic pressure difference goes down. |
| What causes fluid to shift from tissues to blood? | Hydrostatic pressure difference goes down or osmotic pressure difference goes up. |
| What is edema? | Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body. |
| What can cause edema? | Retention of electrolytes in extracellular fluid, increased capillary blood pressure , and decreased concentrations of plasma proteins. |
| What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump? | Maintains a high concentration fo sodium ions outside the cells and a high concentration fo potassium ions inside of cells. |
| What is the purpose of ADH? | Regulation of ECF eclectrolyte concentration and colloid osmotic pressure by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed into the renal tubules. |
| What is the purpose of aldosterone? | Regulates ECF volume by regulating amount of sodium reabsorption. |
Created by:
hannah.gelles
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