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Sabrina Physiology
Week 1-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Internal Environment | Temperature, pressure, and chemical composition of the environment remains constant |
| Homeostasis | A constant state maintained by the body |
| Feedback loop | Information may be transmitted in control loops by nervous impulses by specific chemical messengers called hormones |
| Basic components of feedback loops | Sensor mechanism, Integrator or control center, effector mechanism, feed back |
| Afferent | Signal traveling toward a particular center or point of reference |
| Efferent | Signal moving away from the center point |
| Hypothalamus | The bodys thermostat which compares body temperature with the built in set point body temperature and send nerve signals to effectors |
| Negative feed back | Oppose change and creates a response opposite to the initial disturbance |
| Positive feedback | Amplify or reinforce change occurring |
| Feed forward | Information may flow ahead to another process to trigger a change in anticipation of an event that will follow |
| Organic molecules | C-C or C-H bonds |
| Monosaccharrides | Simple sugars with short carbon chains |
| Disaccharrides and Polysaccharides | two or more simple sugars that are bonded together through dehydration synthesis |
| DNA | composed of the pentose sugar (ribose), phosphate group and nitrogenous base. Cytosine, thymine, guanine, and adenine (A,T)(C,G) |
| RNA | composed of the pentose sugar (ribose) phosphate group and nitrogenous base. Adenin,Uracil,Guanine, Adenine |
| ATP | energy currency of cells |
| Passive transport | do not require energy |
| Simple diffusion | Molecules cross through phospholipid bilayer |
| Osmosis | Movement of water through semipermeable membrane |
| Facilitated diffusion | transport substance down concentration gradients |
| Metabolism | set of chemical reactions |
| Catabolism | breaks down molecules |
| Anabolism | Builds up molecules |
| Cell reproduction | ensures that genetic information is passed down generations |
| Mitotic cell division | Prophase, meaphase, prophase, telophase |
| Tissue | group of similar cells that perform one function |
| Primary germ bilayers | Endoderm,mesoderm,ectoderm |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cells |
| Osteoclast | Erosion of bone cells |
| Axial Skeleton | Composed of head neck and torso |
| Appendicular skeleton | Forms the appendages to the axial skeleton |
| synovial joints | freely moving joints |
| Uniaxial joints | synovial joints that permit movement around on axis in only one plane |
| Biaxial joints | synovial joints that permit the movement around two perpendicular axes in two perpendicular planes |
| Multiaxial joints | permits movement around three or more axes in three or more planes |
| Muscular system | responsible for the framework of the body |
| Skeletal muscle cell characteristics | Excitability, contractility, extensibility |
| T-Tubules | Transverse tubules extend across the sarcoplasm at right angles to the long axis of muscle fiber |
| Actin | globular proteins that forms two fiberous strands twisted around each other to form the bulk of thin filament |
Created by:
mslacy23
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