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Staph, Strep, GPB
Intro to Microbiology, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Gram Positive Bacilli
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bacitracin = S Furazolidone = R Modified oxidase = Blue Catalase = Bubbles These test results identify the MO as: | Micrococcus |
| Motility = negative at 35 & positive at 25 Catalase = positive Hemolysis = beta Bile-esculin = Black Gram stain = Small, Gram-positive coccobacillary What is the identification? | Listeria monocytogenes |
| Name four examples of enrichment broths and describe their uses. | GN & Selenite = isolation Salmonella & Shigella LIM & Trans-Vag = isolation GBS |
| What is the purpose of the Quellung reaction? | Identify Streptococcus pneumoniae - specific capsular antigens |
| What reagent is used for the PYR test? | N, N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde |
| A physician sends a throat swab to the laboratory, requesting culture and Gram stain for Group A streptococcus. Is the Gram stain request appropriate for GAS? | No; many types of normal flora streptococcus (not GAS) are present |
| What is the primary disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae? | Community acquired pneumonia |
| Which toxin is found in the cell wall of Gram-negative organisms? | Endotoxin; found in lipopolysaccharide part of cell wall |
| Why is methylene blue stain used for detection of Corynebacterium diphtheriae? | For ID purposes - reveals metachromatic granules |
| What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Corynebacterium species? | Gamma hemolysis |
| What type of hemolysis is considered no hemolysis (nonhemolytic)? | Gamma hemolysis |
| What test is performed only on Staphylococcus coagulase-negative isolates from urine cultures? | Novobiocin susceptibility |
| An anaerobic atmosphere is without __________ and an example of an anaerobic organism is ______________. | Oxygen; Clostridium |
| What type of media are MAC & EMB? What is the purpose of using the media? | Selective media; used to isolate GN organisms (most GPs are inhibited) |
| What is another name for Rothia mucilaginosus (Stomatococcus)? | "Sticky Staph" |
| Which chemical agent is recommended for blood spills? | 1/10 dilution of bleach (NaClO); clean 1st (soap & water) & then disinfect |
| Agar media melts at _________ and stays liquid until 45-50o C (or solidifies at 45-50o C). | 100 degrees C |
| What is the appropriate temperature and pressure when autoclaving material? | 15 psi for 121 C degrees for 15 minutes |
| What is the optimal incubation temperature for most bacteria? | 35 to 37 degrees C (body temperature) |
| What are the three most common temperatures used in the laboratory to isolate bacteria? | 35-37 degrees; 22-25 degrees (room temperature); & 42 degrees |
| What reagent is used for the hippurate test if sodium benzoate is detected? | 7% Ferric chloride |
| What the genus names for satelliting strep? | Abiotrophia & Granulicatella |
| An animal infectious disease transmitted to humans is referred to as zoonosis. Which zoonotic organisms have we studied? | Bacillus anthracis, Erysipelothrix, & Listeria (when due to food poisioning) |
| Gram-positive, large rods Spores present Nonhemolytic Nonmotile Catalase = positive What is the identification? | Bacillus anthracis |
| Which Gram-positive rods are associated with food poisoning? | Bacillus cereus and Listeria |
| Name an aerobic, spore-forming genus | Bacillus species |
| Gram-positive, large rods Spores present Hemolytic Motile Catalase = positive What is the identification? | Bacillus species |
| Motility = negative Catalase = positive Hemolysis = usually gamma Gram stain = "Chinese letters" What is the identification? | Corynebacterium species |
| PYR = Positive Alpha/gamma hemolytic What is the identification ? | Enterococcus species |
| Name two organisms (GPC) that are more resistant to antibiotic treatment. | Enterococcus & satelliting streptococcus |
| Bile-esculin = Black 6.5% salt = Growth P disk = R What is the identification ? | Enterococcus species |
| Which Gram-positive rod produces H2S? | Erysipelothrix |
| Motility = negative Catalase = negative Hemolysis = alpha/gamma Gram stain = Gram-positive rods H2S production on TSI What is the identification? | Erysipelothrix |
| Motility = negative Catalase = negative Hemolysis = alpha/gamma Gram stain = chains of Gram-positive rods What is the identification? | Lactobacillus |
| Which organism produces tumbling motility in wet mounts? | Listeria monocytogenes |
| Which organism produces umbrella-like growth pattern in semisolid agar? | Listeria monocytogenes |
| Which streptococcus-like bacteria are vancomycin resistant? | Pediococcus & Leuconostoc |
| Bacitracin = R Furazolidone = S Modified oxidase = Colorless Catalase = No bubbles These test results identify the MO as: | Rothia mucilaginosus (Stomatococcus) |
| Tube coagulase positive What is the identification ? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Slide coagulase result: saline = no clumps plasma = clumps What is the identification? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| A disk = R CAMP = Arrowhead hemolysis PYR = No color change SXT = R What is the identification ? | Streptococcus agalactiae |
| Bile-esculin = No color change 6.5% salt = No growth P disk = S What is the identification ? | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Bile soluble = clearing of MO What is the identification ? | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| A disk = S CAMP = negative PYR = positive SXT = R What is the identification ? | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| A physician sends a throat swab to the laboratory, requesting antigen testing for Group A streptococcus. What are the correct responses to positive antigen test results and negative test results? | + result is reported as Group A strep; = result is confirmed with culture |
| What tests are appropriate for beta-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms? | A & SXT disks; PYR; CAMP or hippurate hydrolysis & Serogrouping |
| Facultative anaerobes can live _________________ & _______________. Examples are ___________ & ___________. | Aerobically & anaerobically Staphylococcus & Streptococcus |
| What type of hemolysis has a zone of greenish discoloration? | Alpha |
| What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Lactobacillus & Erysipelothrix? | Alpha and Gamma |
| What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans streptococcus, Enterococcus species, & nonenterococcal Group D streptococcus? | Alpha hemolysis |
| Which organism is described as producing Medusa head growth on media and "string of pearls" appearance on Gram stain? | Bacillus anthracis |
| What reagent is in the A disk? | Bacitracin |
| What media are used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae? | BAP, cystine-tellurite OR Tinsdale, and Loeffler OR Pai |
| What type of hemolysis involves the complete lysis of RBCs? | Beta = clear zone underneath colony |
| What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Groups A, B, C, F, & G Streptococcus? | Beta |
| What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum? | Beta |
| What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Listeria monocytogenes? | Beta |
| How are Listeria and Group B Streptococcus similar? | Beta hemolytic, + for hippurate & CAMP & cause meningitis/bacteremia in babies |
| Which organism is used to perform the CAMP test? | beta-lysin producing S. aureus- (not all S. aureus produce beta-lysin) |
| What reagent is used for the bile solubility test? | Bile salts (sodium deoxycholate) |
| Name two examples of nonselective media. | Blood agar & chocolate agar |
| Underdecolorized WBCs will appear __________. | Blue-purple |
| Slide coagulase test detects __________________ . | Slide coagulase test detects __________________ . |
| The staphylococcus latex aggulutination test detects ________ & _________. In addition some tests detect capsular polysaccharides. | Bound coagulase (clumping factor) & protein A |
| How are CO2 levels checked in CO2 incubators? | By using a fyrite measuring device |
| What tests are appropriate for gamma-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms? | CAMP or hippurate hydrolysis, Bile-esculin, 6.5% salt & PYR |
| Which media should always be QC'ed by the laboratory? | Chocolate agar, selective media for pathogenic Neisseria, & Campylobacter agar |
| Capnophilic organisms require an increased amount of _____________ and an example of a capnophilic organism is ___________ _____________. | CO2; Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Which organisms are referred to as having diphtheroid or coryneform morphology? | Corynebacterium, Arcanobacterium, & Rothia |
| List the Gram stain reagents in the correct order for test performance. | List the Gram stain reagents in the correct order for test performance. |
| How often should personnel check tempertures on laboratory incubators? | Daily |
| Which test is used to determines C. diphtheriae toxin formers? | Elek test |
| Which toxin is produced by living bacteria and secreted into the surrending medium? | Exotoxin |
| Tube coagulase test detects __________________ . | Extracellular coagulase |
| What type of hemolysis is demonstrated by Group B Streptococcus, viridans streptococcus, Enterococcus species and nonenterococcal Group D streptococcus? | Gamma hemolysis |
| What type of hemolysis is exhibited by Bacillus anthracis? | Gamma hemolysis |
| A disk = S CAMP = No arrowhead hemolysis PYR = Red SXT = R What is the identification ? | Group A Streptococcus |
| What does Staphylococcus look like on Gram stain? | Gram-positive cocci in clumps (clusters) |
| What does Streptococcus pneumoniae look like on Gram stain? | Gram-positive cocci in pairs (lancet shaped) |
| What does Micrococcus look like on Gram stain? | Gram-positive cocci in tetreds |
| How does Corynebacterium species appear on Gram stain? | Gram-positive, small pleomorphic rods ("Chinese" letters) |
| What is the Gram-stain result for Listeria? | Gram-positive, small rods (may be coccobacillary) |
| PYR = Red Beta hemolytic What is the identification ? | Group A Streptococcus |
| A disk = R Hippurate = Positive PYR = Negative SXT = R What is the identification ? | Group B Streptococcus |
| What reagent is used for the catalase test? | H2O2 |
| Humidophilic organisms require increased ___________ and an example of a humidophilic organism is _____________ _____________ | Humidity; Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Which media is not QC'ed as long as the manufacturer sents documentation of successful quality control testing? | MAC, EMB, CNA, PEA, & BAP |
| What reagent is used for the hippurate test if glycine is detected? | Ninhydrin |
| Bile-esculin = Positive 6.5% salt = No growth Optochin = R What is the identification ? | Non-Enterococcus, Group D Streptococcus |
| Name two examples of nutrient media. | Nutrient agar & trypticase soy broth |
| What reagent is in the P disk? | Optochin (also called ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) |
| Microaerobic organisms require a decreased amount of ___________ and an example of a microaerobic organism is _______________. | Oxygen; Campylobacter |
| What tests are appropriate for alpha-hemolytic, catalase negative, GPC organisms? | P disk or bile solubility, Bile-esculin, 6.5% salt, & PYR |
| Slide coagulase results: saline = clumps plasma = clumps What should be the next step? | Perform tube coagulase due to autoagglutination |
| Overdecolorized Gram positive bacteria will appear ___________. | Pink to red |
| What reagent is used for the coagulase test? | Plasma |
| Slide coagulase negative What is the identification? | Probably Coagulase Negative Staph - confirmed w/ tube or latex agglutination |
| What is satelliting streptococci deficient in? | pyridoxal (vitamin B6) |
| Appearance of Staphylococcus coagulase negative & Micrococcus on MSA agar (MOs don't ferment mannitol) | red colonies |
| What organism is referred to as nutritionally deficient, thimol requiring, nutritionally variant, pyridoxal dependent, symbiotic streptococcus, & vitamin B6 dependent? | Satelliting streptococci |
| What type of media are PEA & CNA? What is the purpose of using the media? | Selective media; used to isolate GP organisms (most GNs are inhibited) |
| PYR = Red Hippurate = Purple What is the identification ? | Serogroup MO |
| Which organism is known to cause an aggressive form of endocarditis? Which specimens would the organisms most likely be detected in? | Staphylococcus lugdunensis; blood cultures specimens |
| What reagents are used for the modified oxidase test? | Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine & DMSO |
| Periodically, autoclaves are tested using spore strips impregnated with Bacillus stearothermophilus. The strip is autoclaved and then tested for growth. What does it mean if the spore strip grows bacteria? | The autoclaved materials were not sterilized; the process has to be repeated. |
| Bile-esculin = No color change 6.5% salt = Purple P disk = R What is the identification ? | Viridans streptococcus |
| Appearance of Staphylococcus aureus on mannitol salt agar - ferments mannitol | Yellow colonies |
Created by:
Mwortman
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