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Science
Obviously Science stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the British physicist who showed an atom's positive charge was centralized in the nucleus (as opposed to what was theorized in J.J. Thomson's "Plum-Pudding" Model) by firing particles at a thin sheet of gold. | Ernest Rutherford |
| Name the effect which Einstein's quantum theory of light attempts to explain. | Photoelectric effect |
| What is the name given to the chaotic motion of floating particles, explained by Einstein in terms of an atomic theory of matter? | Brownian Motion |
| Who was able to measure the charge on an electron (albeit with an .5% error) through his oil-drop experiment? | Millikan |
| What is the alternative name given to electrophiles (reactivity can be explained using the HSAB theory)? | Lewis Acid |
| Class of objects that absorb all electromagnetic radiation (supported and modeled by the Stefan-Boltzmann law) | Black Bodies |
| What is the name given to hadrons comprised of two (2) quarks bound together? | Mesons |
| What is the name given to hadrons comprised of three (3) quarks bound together? | Baryons |
| Einstein's self-termed "biggest blunder"; the name of the constant he developed to keep the universe at a steady rate (as opposed to expanding) in his equations | Cosmological constant |
| type of matter which includes MACHOS and WIMPs, predicted by the Einstein-de Sitter model | dark matter |
| triatomic pale blue gas | ozone |
| Author of 1960 dissertation "Physical Studies of the Planets" (later found to be flawed), and the novel Contact | Carl Sagan |
| particles which have 1/3 the charge of an electron, and have six "flavors", each has a color, and they are never found singularly | quarks |
| John B. Watson provided empirical evidence of classical conditioning (such as Pavlov's experiments) when he conducted an experiment on what 11-month-old infant? | Little Albert |
| Name this scientific principle: Only two electrons can occupy a given orbital, and both must have opposite spins. | (Pauli) Exclusion Principle |
| Logical maxim stating that simpler explanations of phenomena are to be preferred: expressed by Aquinas and Newton | Occam's Razor |
| The only person to win 2 individual Nobel prizes; famous for studying molecules and biological chemistry (proteins) | Linus Pauling |
| Give scientific principle: As protons are added to the nucleus to build up the elements, electrons must also be added to the lowest energy orbital. | Aufbau Principle |
| the electrostatic force between two ions in an ionic bond; states that the force of attraction or repulsion of two ions is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (law) | Coulomb's Law |
| Won Nobel Prizes for research with semiconductors and superconductivity | John Bardeen |
| Professor at University of Chicago who developed radiocarbon dating in 1949 | Libby |
| Forms around a black hole and is made of material being sucked towards the event horizon | Accretion Disc |
| Instead of forming a black hole, a star may become this if it has insufficient mass | Neutron Star |
| Corrected by Maxwell, who added displacement current into the equation. Name this law, named after its discoverer (who also is the namesake of the SI unit of current). | Ampere's Law |
| the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star | Chandrasekhar Limit |
| Name of an alloy of tin and copper | Bronze |
| There is a limit to which we can know the position and momentum of a particle at a given time. | [Heisenberg] Uncertainty Principle |
| A unit of electricity signaling speed equal to one pulse per second | Baud |
| Characterized by an oxygen atom linking 2 hyrdocarbon groups - epoxides are cyclic compounds of these; | Ether |
| Wrote "On Floating Bodies," "Method of Mechanical Theorems", and "The Sphere and the Cylinder" | Archimedes |
| Type of atom which is unstable, whose propogation with in unpaired election is stopped using antioxidants (found by Gomberg in 1900 at U of M) | Free Radicals |
| The point at which a mixture of 2 or more elements has a lower melting point than any of its constituents. (A mixture at this point will freeze coherently at a given temperature) | Eutectic Point |
| Psychology: it produces hypermnesia, in which "repressed" memories might be recalled. Coined by James Braid, popularized by Friedrich Mesmer | Hypnosis |
| Also known as Protium, discovered by Henry Cavendish | Hydrogen |
| Known as the lambda (that's an L), temperature threshold for its occurance can be found on a graph of specific heat capacity versus temperature, property of helium-4 | superfluidity |
| Give the names for the first and second numbers in a blood pressure reading | First: Systolic Second: Diastolic |
| Discovered EM waves | Hertz |
| The first spacewalks took place during this set of missions | Gemini |
| Developed the Law of Partial Pressures | Dalton |
| Swedish Physicist after which the length of unit of 10^-10 meters is named | Angstrom |
| German Scientist. Invented and improved lab equipment. Discovered Cesium and Rubidium. | Bunsen |
| Eng. mathematician, ideas preceded the modern computer, attempted to develop a mechanical computer called the analytical engine | Charles Babbage |
| South African surgeon, 1st successful human heart transplant in Cape Town (1967) | Christian Barnard |
| Scottish-Amer. inventor of the telephone, helped found the magazine "Science" | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Amer. inventor & founder of the frozen-food industry, led to the the founding of General Foods Co. (1924) | Clarence Birdseye |
| Amer. physician, 1st woman in the US to receive a medical degree (1849), graduated from Geneva Medical College (NY) | Elizabeth Blackwell |
| Danish physicist who postulated that electrons move in restricted orbits around the atom's nucleus, 1922 Nobel Prize in physics (work on atomic structure), atom emits & absorbs energy by combining quantum theory with his new concept of atomic structure | Neils Bohr |
| Irish chemist called "father of modern chemistry," discovered ______gas law | Robert Boyle |
| African-Amer. agriculturist, became director of the Tuskegee Institute, discovered hundreds of used for peanut, soybean, & sweet potato | George Washington Carver |
| born Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, Eng. author & mathematician, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland," "Through the Looking Glass" | Lewis Carroll |
| Eng. chemist, worked on the composition of water, isolated a gas he called "Inflammable air" (hydrogen) | Henry Cavendish |
| Eng. physicist, discovered the neutron, 1935 Nobel Prize in physics | Sir James Chadwick |
| Polish astronomer, put forth the heliocentric theory of planetary motion (1512) published in his classic work "De Revoluntionibus Orbium Celestium" | Nicholas Copernicus |
| French oceanographer, co-inventor of the aqualung, pioneer in the development of the self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), documentary films of this oceanographic expeditions aboard the Calypso | Jacques Cousteau |
| Eng. evolutionist, a naturalist aboard the "HMS Beagle" he accumulated data for his concept of evolution, theory of "Natural Selection," wrote "Origin of the Species" | Charles Darwin |
| Eng. scientist, with James Watson he elucidated the structure of the DNA, double helix, 1962 Noble Prize in physiology | Francis Crick |
| Amer. inventor of the Kodak camera, founded the _________ Kodak Company | George Eastman |
| Amer. inventor (considered the greatest of all time), the microphone, record player, kinetoscope, incandescent lamp; pioneering workshops in Menlo Park & West Orange, little formal schooling & went progressively deaf | Thomas Edison |
| German-born Swiss-Amer physicist, major discoveries: Theory of Relativity, photoelectric effect (1921 Nobel prize in Physics), a Jew who fled Nazi regime, urged FDR to investigate the atomic bomb, held post at Princeton from 1933 until his death | Albert Einstein |
| Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin--also discovered lysozyme | Sir Alexander Fleming |
| Italian mathematician, __________Sequence: a sequence of numbers in which each term is the sum of the 2 preceding terms, 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21... | Leonardo Fibbonacci |
| Austrian psychiatrist who developed psychoanalysis, free association, & dream interpretation; stressed importance of sexuality & childhood relationships with parents, idea of the Id, Ego, and the Superego | Sigmund Freud |
| Russian cosmonaut, 1st man to orbit the earth when his Vostok did in 1961 | Yuri Gagarin |
| US inventor & diplomat, wrote "Poor Richard's Almanac," invented the lightning rod, delegate to the 2nd Continental Congress, organized the postal system | Ben Franklin |
| Amer. rocket designer, built the 1st liquid-fueled rocket (1926) | Robert Goddard |
| Amer. inventor of vulcanized rubber | Charles Goodyear |
| US astronaut & politician, 1st Amer. in orbital flight (1962), orbited the earth 3 times in Friendship 7, senator from Ohio and oldest man in space | John Glenn |
| Eng. astronomer, first to predict the return of a comet, ________ comet in 1759 | Edmund Halley |
| Swedish inventor of dynamite | Alfred Nobel |
| founder of modern nursing | Florence Nightingale |
| 1660 discovered the law of universal gravitation, built 1st reflecting telescope, wrote "Principia Mathematica" | Sir Isaac Newton |
| American inventor of 1st passenger elevator | Elisha Otis |
| Amer. physicist, director of the laboratory at Los Alamos, NM, that designed the 1st atomic bomb | Oppenheimer |
| 11th century Persian poet & mathematician "Rubaiyat" | Omar Khayyam |
| French scientist, founded the theory of modern probability, his experiments with fluids led to the invention of the hydraulic press | Blaise Pascal |
| French chemist, developed rabies & anthrax vaccines, pioneered the process of pasteurization | Louis Pasteur |
| famous experiment in which he conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell after associating the bell with feedings | Ivan Pavlov |
| Swiss psychiatrist & founder of analytical psychology, postulated the "collective unconscious," introduced the terms "introversion & extroversion" | Carl Jung |
| Eng. physician, his experiments led to the development of the smallpox vaccine & the beginning of immunology as a science | Edward Jenner |
| Eng. physicist, established the mechanical theory of heat, 1st to determine the relationship between mechanical & heat energy, mechanical unit of work named after him | James Prescott Joule |
| German astronomer, 3 laws of planetary revolution derived from Tych Brahe's accurate observations, 1st law: each planet's orbit is an ellipse with the sun as the focus | Johannes Kepler |
| Amer. inventor, established the Polaroid Corp., invented the Polaroid camera | Edwin Land |
| German bacteriologist, established the bacterial cause of many diseases (tb, anthrax, cholera), 1905 Nobel prize in physiology for developing tuberculin skin test | Robert Koch |
| Amer. inventor of the revolver | Samuel Colt |
| French thinker famous for "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think therefore I am), founded analytical geometry & originated Cartesian coordinate system, "Meditations" (a philosophical work) | Rene Decartes |
| Greek physician, "Father of Medicine," the _________ Oath: an ethical code formulated in ancient Greece that is still administered in medical school today, he believed medicine is based on observation & deductive reasoning | Hippocrates |
| Amer. inventor of the sewing machine | Elias Howe |
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turnercole27
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