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Physical Dysfunction
Chapter 22: Vision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is visual perception? | Vision and information from other senses are integrated and interpreted by the brain to form a visual image of the environment |
| What is dynamic and constantly changing and human response is based on experiences? | Vision |
| True or False? Vision and visual perception work together? | True |
| What is Visual acuity? | Discrimination of detail and contrast |
| What are corrected with Rx glasses? | Astigmatism |
| 20/20 | Vision is considered normal for human vision |
| 20/40 | Vision is considered half that acuity for human vision |
| 20/10 | Vision is considered twice that acuity for human vision |
| 20/200 | Vision or less is considered “Legally Blind” for human vision with eyeglasses |
| What is Visual acuity? | Visual information is sharp, clear, and accurate |
| What is Oculomotor control? | Control of eye movements |
| What is Visual field? | Visual field loss results in narrowing of the scope of scanning and person is unaware of the absence of vision |
| What is Visual scanning? | Shifting attention from one visual target to another in smooth succession |
| What is Pattern recognition? | Ability to distinguish an object from its surroundings |
| What is Visual memory? | Create and retain a visual image |
| What is Visual cognition? | Manipulate visual information mentally and integrate it with other sensory information (serves as a foundation for all learning) |
| Deficits in primary visual function? | Complex interaction between optical system and CNS processing |
| What is Myopia? | Near-sightedness |
| What is Hyperopia? | Far-sightedness |
| What is Presbyopia? | Far-sightedness associated with aging |
| What is Astigmatism? | Variations in curvature of the cornea |
| What is Cataracts? | Result in gradual, painless loss of vision |
| What is Age-related macular degeneration? | Leading cause of loss of central vision for older adults |
| Age-related macular degeneration symptoms? | Reduces the ability to distinguish details and color Dry 90% or Wet 10% type No cure |
| Macular degeneration? | Most common diagnosis of low vision in people over 55 |
| What is Macula? | Macula is part of retina responsible for detailed vision |
| What is Macula used for? | Macula used for reading, driving, recognition, and fine work |
| What is Glaucoma? | Second-leading cause of blindness that is loss of peripheral vision |
| What is Open-angle glaucoma? | Most common, occurs slowly |
| What is Closed-angle glaucoma? | Sudden painful onset |
| How is Glaucoma treated? | Treatable with life-long use of eyedrops, surgery, and medication Vision already lost is permanent |
| What is diabetic retinopathy? | Starts with floaters; progresses to blurred vision and visual loss Laser surgery can be an effective treatment |
| What are some compensatory strategies to adapt? | 1. Use of contrast 2. Increase light for better illumination 3. Reduce glare and minimize shadows 4. Use of solid background colors 5. Increase print size 6. Space objects further apart |
| What is Homonymous hemianopsia? | Loss of the right or left half of the visual field in each eye; common after a CVA |
| What are some treatment strategies for visual field deficit? | 1. Teach head movement for compensation 2. Special lenses may help with compensation 3. Reading: use of boundary markers; teaching head and eye movement 4. Environment: add color contrast, solid backgrounds; reduce clutter |
| What are the 2 categories of Visual attention? | 1. Focused 2. Ambient |
| What is Visual attention (focused) ? | Selective visual attention that are used for structured tasks |
| What is Visual attention (ambient) ? | Peripheral visual attention that are more useful in unstructured tasks |
| Visual scanning is disrupted by what? | Brain injury |
| What is Visual inattention? | Visual neglect |
| Visual inattention is also called (3)? | 1. Left unilateral spatial neglect 2. Hemi-inattention 3. Hemispatial neglect |
| Visual inattention primarily occurs where? | Right side of the brain |
| What happens with (right) pattern recognition? | Client fails to recognize any object because he or she does not perceive all of it |
| What happens with (left) pattern recognition? | Client is aware of the object but cannot identify it |
| Visual Pattern (right injury) | Client fails to recognize any object because he or she does not perceive all of it |
| Visual Pattern (left injury) | Client is aware of the object but cannot identify it |
Created by:
Genevadarcius
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