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Computer Concepts
CH 1: Information Technology, the Internet, and You
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| application software | Three types of application software or end user software are general-purpose, specialized, and apps. |
| apps | Small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers. |
| Blu-ray disc (BD) | type of optical disc |
| cloud computing | uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet. |
| communication device | personal computer routinely communicates with other computer systems |
| compact disc (CD) | type of optical disc |
| data | The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds. |
| database file | typically created by database, management programs to contain highly structured and organized data. |
| desktop computer | small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around. |
| digital versatile disc (DVD) | type of optical disc |
| digital video disc (DVD) | type of optical disc |
| document file | created by word processors to save documents such as memos,term papers, and letters |
| embedded operating systems (RTOS) | smartphones, tablets, and many other mobile devices use |
| end user | people using personal computers |
| general-purpose application | Widely used in nearly all career areas. |
| hard disk | typically used to store programs and very large data files |
| hardware | The equipment that processes the data to create information. |
| information | processed facts |
| input device | translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. |
| Internet | A way to connect to other people and computers, typically using the Internet. |
| IoT (Internet of Things) | continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. |
| keyboard | type of input device |
| laptop computer | also known as notebook computers, portable and lightweight and fit into most briefcases. |
| mainframe computer | Although not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. |
| memory | holding area for data, instructions, and information. |
| microprocessor | controls and manipulated data to produce information |
| midrange computer / server | computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer. |
| mobile app (application) | small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers. |
| modem | widely used communications device that modifies audio, video, and other types of data into a form that can be transmitted across the Internet. |
| monitor | type of output device |
| mouse | type of input device |
| network | central to the concept of connectivity; communications system connecting two or more computers. |
| network operating systems (NOS) | Networks use (type of operating system) |
| notebook computer | also known as laptop computers, are portable and lightweight and fit into most briefcases. |
| operating system | programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications. |
| optical disc | use laser technology to store data and programs. |
| output device | translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. |
| personal computer (PC) | The least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer. |
| presentation file | created by presentation graphics program to save presentation materials. |
| procedures | The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. |
| program | consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. |
| random-access memory (RAM) | holds programs and data that is currently being processed; also referred to as temporary storage. |
| real-time operating system (RTOS) | smartphones, tablets, and many other mobile devices use |
| secondary storage | holds data and programs even after electric power to the computer system has been turned off. |
| smartphone | cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities. |
| software | A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. |
| solid-state storage | does not have any moving parts, is more reliable, and requires less power; it saves data and information electronically similar to RAM except that it is not volatile. |
| specialized application | Include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. |
| supercomputer | The most powerful type of computers that are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations. |
| system software | enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. |
| system unit | container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system |
| tablet | smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops. |
| tablet computer | smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops. |
| utilities | perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources; antivirus program |
| virus | malicious programs that are all too often deposited onto your computer from the Internet. |
| wearable device | type of mobile computer like an Apple watch |
| web | provides multimedia interface to the numerous resources available. |
| wireless communication | changed the way we communicate with one another. |
| wireless revolution | revolution that will dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology |
| worksheet file | created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales. |
| affective computing | a type of computing that relates to emotion or that deliberately tries to influence emotion |
| augmented reality | a combination of our normal sense of the objects around us with an overlay of information displayed |
| cognitive surplus | the combination of leisure time and the tools needed to be creative |
| collaborative consumption | joining together as a group to use a specific product more effciently |
| computer forensics | the application of computer system and techniques to gather potential legal evidence; a law enforcement specialty used to fight high-tech crime |
| computer literate | being familiar enough with computers that a user knows how to use them and understands their capabilities and limitations |
| crisis-mapping tool | a toll that collects information from e-mails, text messages, blog posts, and Twitter tweets and maps them, making the information instantly publicly available. |
| crowdfunding | asking for a small donations from a large number of people, often using the internet; a style of generating capital to start a business through social media. |
| crowdsourcing | the phenomenon of consumers checking in with the choice of the crows before making purchases. |
| digital divide | the discrepancy between those who have access to the opportunities and knowledge that computers and the internet offer and those who do not. |
| information technology (IT) | the set of techniques used in processing and retrieving information. |
| QR (quick response) code | technology that lets any piece of print in the real world host a live link to online information and video content. |
Created by:
TroyIS2241
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