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Patho Fall 2019
Final Exam Prep Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four major forms of atherosclerosis? | Cerebral atherosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis Aortic atherosclerosis Peripheral atherosclerosis |
| High blood pressure caused by an underlying condition is called? | Secondary HTN |
| CHF means? | Congestive heart failure |
| What does CAP mean? | Community acquired pneumonia |
| What does HAP mean? | Hospital acquired pneumonia |
| What is the spinal level of injury in tetraplegia? | C5 |
| What is the spinal level of injury in paraplegia? | T12 |
| Which IP joint are Herberden's Nodes found on? | DIP |
| How do you treat mallet finger? | keep finger in hyperextension in splinting |
| What are the 4 complications of hypertension | cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart disease, renal insufficiency, hypersensitive encephalopathy, hypertensive retinopathy |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also known as | Insulin dependent |
| True or False: Interstitial pneumonia is caused by bacteria | False: it is viral |
| A person's blood oxygen level should not drop below what percentage, and if it does you are to seek medical attention immediately? | 90% |
| What is the normal rate for blood pressure? | <120/80 |
| What is a healthy blood sugar level? | Under 100. |
| A lack of insulin results in what? | Build up of glucose in the blood stream, otherwise known as hyperglycemia. |
| Incentive Spirometry specifically measures what? | Lung function and the client's ability to breathe out |
| What specific type of pneumonia effects one side of the lungs and one specific lobe of the lungs (typically the lowest lobe)? | Lobar Pneumonia |
| What type of fracture goes entirely through the bone and is unstable? | Simple complete |
| types of stroke | -ischemic -hemorrhage -transient ischemic attack |
| What are the four temporal lobe functions? | Memory and learning Organizing and sequencing Hearing Understanding languag |
| What is the most common cause of SCIs? | Motor Vehicle Accidents |
| Definition of Diabetes | A condition in which the body cannot make or cannot use insulin properly |
| Emphysema is difficulty? | Exhaling |
| Interstitial pneumonia is caused by? | A virus |
| What is the rate for stage 2 hypertension? | >140/90 |
| What stage of inflammatory joint disease presents with signs of early joint damage, decreased range of motion and stiffness due to joint damage? | Subacute |
| Which lobe in the brain is responsible for memory and learning, organizing and sequencing, hearing, and understanding language? | Temporal Lobe |
| What are the three layers of tissue/skin in the body? | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue |
| Subclavian steal syndrome | Rare condition caused by a narrowing of the subclavian artery that runs under the clavicle |
| Which type of scar extends beyond the original site of a burn injury? | Keloid |
| What is the only type of pneumonia that is caused by a virus? | Interstitial Pneumonia |
| At what O2 level would be considered a clinical emergency? | Below 90% |
| What Fracture is the most common injury to the distal forearm? | Colles' fracture |
| What is hemiparesis? | Weakness of one entire side of the body |
| What is a neuroma? | A benign neoplasm composed mostly of neurons and nerve fibers |
| What disease is a degenerative condition that gets worse with age and is caused by the development of plaque in an artery? | Atherosclerosis |
| Osteoblasts are known as | Bone building cells |
| What type of hemorrhagic stroke includes bleeding onto the surface of the brain. | Subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
| What is the main cause of COPD? | Exposure to smoke or childhood respiratory infection |
| What does the T stand for in cancer staging in the TMN system? | primary tumor |
| What does the N stand for in cancer staging in the TMN system? | lymph nodes |
| What does the M stand for in cancer staging in the TMN system? | metastasis |
| What kind of fracture breaks through the skin? | Compound Fracture |
| What is hypernatremia? | High sodium levels |
| The study of populations in order to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks is known as? | Epidemiology |
| Hypoxemia is inadequate supply of oxygen in your blood, this is when your O2 goes below what percent? | 90% |
| Patients with emphysema have difficulty with? | difficulty with exhaling |
| This type of diabetes is known as insulin dependent. | Type 1 |
| Diabetics can experience damage to the peripheral nerves, what is the name for this? | Neuropathy |
| What is the by-product produced from the breakdown of the body's own fats and lipids for energy? | Ketones |
| What does 'FAST' stand for? | Face, Arms, Speech, & Time |
| What is the ICD used for? | International Classification of Diseases. It is used to organize and code health information. |
| What is the most common fracture to the distal forearm. Usually caused by FOOSH? | Colle's Fracture |
| When there is a lack of insulin, there is a build up of glucose in the blood stream, which is called ____. | hyperglycemia |
| A fasting BS of 120 indicates what? | Pre-diabetes |
| How long should inflammation last for? | 3-4 days, no more than 7 days |
| After the first TBI, it is how much more likely the person gets a second? | 3 times |
| Why is insulin important for the body? | Because it functions to regulate glucose in the body's cells where it is issued to growth and energy. |
| What are macrophages? | Clean up crew, signal other inflammatory and immune cells |
| Schwann cells are responsible for? | Nerve tissue regeneration |
| What is a traveling blood clot? | An embolus |
| What is it called when a patient has a low red blood cell count? | Anemic |
| What are the 5 signs of inflammation? | calor rubor tumor dolor function lasea |
| What is the primary function of antibodies? | To neutralize foreign bodies |
| Which type of pneumonia affects one lobe, usually a lower lobe, and is bacteria related? | Lobar Pneumonia |
| What is the decrease in size of a cell, tissue, organ, or the entire body? | Atrophy |
| What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? | Hyperplasia - increased number of cells in a tissue or organ / hypertrophy - increase in size of tissue and organs |
| What area of the brain regulates hormones? | Hypothalamus |
| In gamekeepers thumb, the thumb is in what position? | Hyperabducted |
| What protein holds the dermis together and is made by fibroblasts? | collagen |
| What are the two types of scars we learned about? | Keloids and hypertrophic |
| Has a sudden onset and usually occurs in people under the age of 30. | Type 1 Diabetes |
| Usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle. Presents with hyperglycemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. | Type 2 Diabetes |
| What type of fracture usually involves acute angulation of the head of the 5th metacarpal into the palm? | Boxer's fracture |
| What is another name for Popcorn Lung? | Bronchiolitis Obliterans |
| What is anoxia? | No oxygen |
| What method is used in assessing scarring from burns? | Vancouver Scar Scale |
| Low hemoglobin leads to... | being easily exhausted and fatigued due to the heart working harder to transport oxygen |
| What type of scan is better for trauma because it is faster? (CT or MRI) | CT scan |
| The ending "oma" means that the tumor is what? | benign |
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Alvernia
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