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Comp 2 Definitions

Comp 2 - Definitions

QuestionAnswer
Boolean Variable May have two discrete possible values. E.g. true or false
Truth Table A table that shows the results of applying the logical function to all possible combinations of inputs.
OR function The output is true if either or both inputs are true
Boolean Equation An equation that expresses a Boolean output Q in terms of Boolean inputs, X,Y,Z, etc…to which one or more Boolean functions, such as OR, AND and NOT are applied.
AND function The output is true if all inputs are true
NOT function The output is the inverse of the input.
Logic Gate An electronic circuit that performs a Boolean function
Exclusive OR function The output is true if either input is true but not if both inputs are true.
NAND function The output is true if any input is false
NOR function The output is true only when all inputs are false
De Morgan’s Laws A+AB=A.B and A.B=A+B
Hardware Electronic/electrical circuits that a computer is assembled from. The platform on which the software executes.
Main Memory Memory that is directly addressable by the processor
Memory Location A separately addressable area of main memory
RAM Random access memory. Volatile main memory in which the locations can be accessed directly in any order with the same access time for all writing and reading operations
ROM Read-only memory; non-volatile main memory that cannot be written to once it is set up.
EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory; its contents may be altered but writing is about 100 times slower than reading.
Computer Bus A set of parallel wires connecting independent components of a computer system
System bus or external bus The main highway connecting the processor, main memory and I/O controllers; it is made up of a data bus, an address bus and a control bus.
I/O Allows the CPU to communicate with peripherals
Clock Signal Used for timing purposes
Reset signal Used to initialise components
Memory read Used to assert that the memory location currently in use is being read from.
Memory write Used to assert that the memory location currently in use is being written to
I/O (control signal) Used to indicate that the processor wishes to use an I/O controller not main memory when I/O and main memory share memory addresses.
Peripheral A computer device that is not part of the CPU. It can be external (e.g. mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, memory stick or scanner.
I/O device A hardware unit that sends or receives data or stores data by communicating with the processor and main memory through an I/O controller
I/O controller An electronic circuit that connects to a system bus and an I/O device; it provides the correct voltages and currents for the system bus and the I/O device.
Secondary Storage Permanent storage memory not directly connected to the processor; also calling backing store
Main Memory Address A unique numeric code corresponding to a location in memory
Stored Program Concept A program must be resident in main memory to be executed; it is processed by fetching machine code instructions in sequence from main memory and executing them, one at a time, in the processor.
Register A very fast memory location inside the processor or I/O controller
General-Purpose register A register not assigned a specific role by the processor designer. Programmers may use general-purpose registers.
Dedicated Register A register assigned a specific role by the processor designer. Programmers may use some but not all dedicated registers.
Clock Speed Of a processor, the frequency in megahertz or gigahertz at which the processor executes instructions
Word Length The number of digits in a binary word
Created by: Masterniket
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