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Sookdeo:Bio,Ch2
Properties of Water, Macromolecules and Enzymes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and another atom that is slightly negative |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecule |
| mixture | two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | mixture in which all of the components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | scale with values from 0-14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a pH of less than 7 |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a pH of greater than 7 |
| buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| polar molecule | the distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even; H2O |
| nonpolar molecule | atoms bond together to form molecules where electrons are shared equally by the atoms |
| surface tension | the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer |
| macromolecule | large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules; monomers that form covalent bonds to form polymers; 4 groups are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids. |
| monomer | a molecule that bond to form a polymer |
| carbohydrate | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the body |
| lipid | macromolecule made up mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes |
| nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acid ; 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus |
| protein | macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed for growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end; 9 acids you get through diet for protein synthesis; tissue repair and nutrient absorption |
| polymer | molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| atoms | basic unit of matter |
| molecules | smallest unit of most compounds that displays properties of that compound |
| electron | negatively charged particles located in the space surrounding the nucleus |
| element | pure substance that consist of one type of atom |
| isotope | single element containing same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bonding | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | bond between atoms where the electrons are shared |
| van der Waals forces | slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| nucleus | in an atom, the center where you find the protons and neutrons |
| mass | body of matter with no definite shape |
| neutron | subatomic particle about the same mass as a proton without an electric charge |
| proton | subatomic particle in atomic nuclei with a positive electric charge |
| H2O | water molecule, two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen |
| O2 | chemical element with two atoms of oxygen |
| CO2 | chemical compound with one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms |
| chemical reaction | process that changes or transforms one set of compounds into another |
| reactant | element or compound that engage in the chemical reaction |
| products | element or compound produced by a chemical compound |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | biological catalyst; most enzymes are proteins |
| substrate | reactants of enzyme-catalyse reactions |
| active site | region where the substrate binds to the enzyme |
Created by:
dsookdeo
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