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BIO201 Lecture Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of Anatomy? | The study of structure or form. |
| What is the definition of Physiology? | The study of function at many levels |
| What is the definition of Microanatomy? | Cytology, histology |
| What are the techniques for examining Structure? | Inspection: more important that you know Palpation: touch and feel Auscultation: listen; usually with stethoscope Percussion: tap with fingers listen for sound Dissection: cadaver study, some exploratory surgeries |
| What are the four tissue types? | Epithelial Connective Nerve Muscle |
| What is Physiologic and Pathologic Hypertrophy? Give an example. | Enlarging tissues Physiologic occurs due to normal stressor ex. enlarging of skeletal muscle due to exercise Pathologic occurs due to abnormal stressor ex. growth of heart due to heart disease |
| What is the definition of Physiologic and Pathologic Hyperplasia? Give an example. | More tissue Physiologic occurs due to normal stressor ex. growth in mammary glands during pregnancy Pathologic occurs to due abnormal stressor ex. growth in adrenal glands due to hormones |
| What is a first degree burn? | Epidermis only Ex. sunburn |
| What is a second degree burn? | Epidermis and upper dermis/ partial thickness burn |
| What is a third degree burn? | Epidermis, dermis, and tissue below/ full thickness burn |
| What are the area percents of burns? | Each leg anterior- 9% posterior- 9% Each arm anterior- 9% posterior- 9% Trunk anterior- 18% posterior- 18% Head- 9% Perineum- 1% |
| What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma? | Cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal squamous cells. Bleeds easily, friable lesion |
| What is Basal Cell Carcinoma? | Most common, rarely metastasizes, sun exposed areas |
| What is Malignant Melanoma? | Most dangerous skin cancer, rapidly metastisizes |
| What are the ABC's of skin cancer? | A- asymmetry B- border irregularity C- color D- diameter (6mm) E- elevation |
| What are squamous cells? | Forms the surface of the skin, lines hollow organs of the body. |
| What are basal cells? | Cell in the innermost layer of epidermis |
| What is the axial body division? | The center of the body, everything excluding the limbs |
| What is the appendicular body division? | Upper and lower extremities (arms and legs) |
| What is the Midsagittal Plane? | Plane that divides the body into left and right halves |
| What is the Coronal Plane? | Plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves. (front and back) |
| What is the Oblique Plane? | Any other plane that is not horizontal or vertical |
| What does brachial refer to? | The arm, relating to the arm |
| What is the RUQ? | Right upper quadrant, contains liver |
| What is the RLQ | Right lower quadrant, contains appendix |
| What is the LUQ | Left upper quadrant, contains spleen |
| What is the LLQ | Left lower quadrant, contains part of colon |
| What are the different shapes and layers of Epithelial Tissue? | Shapes are Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cube), and Columnar (column, rectangular). Layers are Simple (one), Stratified (more than one), and Pseudo-stratified (one, but looks like more than one) |
| What is the functions of the Epithelial Tissues? | Squamous lines and covers Simple Squamous transports Stratified Squamous forms outer layer of skin Cuboidal secretes Simple Columnar can secrete Psu |
| Where is Transitional Epithelium? | In the urinary tract |
| What are the categories of Connective Tissue? | Blood Bone Cartilage Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage CT Proper Loose Adipose Reticular Dense Dense Regular Dense Irregular Dense Elastic |
| What is the makeup of tendons and ligaments? | Fibrous CT, collagenous fibers |
| Where is energy stored? | Adipose tissue, lipid in adipocytes |
| What are fibroblasts? | Produce collagen |
| What is a Lipoma? | Non cancerous, lump under skin made up of fatty cells |
| What is a Liposarcoma? | Rare cancer in fat cells |
| Which cartilage is a template for bone formation? | Hyaline cartilage |
| Which cartilage is found in epiglottis? | Elastic Cartilage |
| Which cartilage is found in the trachea? | Hyaline Cartilage |
| What is PTH? | Parathyroid Hormones cause the body to put more calcium in the blood. |
| What is Calcitonin? | The opposite of PTH, lowers the amount of calcium in the blood. |
| What is an Osteoblast? | Cell that creates bone |
| What is an Osteocyte? | Bone cells |
| What is an Osteoclast? | Cell that breaks down bone |
| What is a Chondrocyte? | Cell that creates cartilage |
| What is a Chondroblast? | Forms Chondrocytes |
| What is Apoptosis? | Programmed cell death |
| What are Langerhan Cells? | Macrophages that reside in the epidermis, reside in the Stratum Spinosum |
| What are the different layers of the epithelium? | Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basal |
| What does Distal mean? | Farther from the midline |
| What does Proximal mean? | Closer to the midline |
| What is Erythemia? | Redness due to blood under the skin |
| What is Cyanosis? | Blue-ish coloration |
| What does Pallor mean? | Pale |
| What is Jaundice? | The allowing of a build up of bile in tissues |
| What is bronzing? | Due to Addisons disease, stress makes it worse |
| What is Raynaud's Phenomenon? | Part of the hands turn blue Autoimmune Disease |
| Which muscle has intercalated discs? | Cardiac Muscle |
| What is the most abundant tissue? | Connective Tissue |
| What are stretch marks from? | A tear of the dermis, occur from rapid weight gain |
| What is Postive Feedback? | The effect increases the stimulus |
| What is Negative Feedback? | When a desired effect has been achieved, the stimulus is negated |
| What is Homeostasis? | Ability of body to maintain a stable internal environment with a widely changing external environment |
| What are Integrins? | Transmembrane protein |
| What are Peripheral Proteins? | Enzymes |
| What is the Ion Channel? | Protein molecules |
| What are Keratinocytes? | Keratin cells, produces keratin |
| What are Melanocytes? | Melanin cells, produces melanin |
| What are Merkel Cells? | Found at the junction of epidermis and dermis, for touch |
| What is the Cutaneous Plexus? | Supplies the fatty tissue of the hypodermis |
| What is the thickest epidermis layer? | Stratum Spinosum |
| Make a chart of all tissues. | Epithelial Simple Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudo-Stratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium Connective B |
Created by:
aleenaarif
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