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F19 CPI 1.01 Vocab

Vocabulary for CPI 1.01

TermDefinition
Address A unique binary representation of a location in memory.
Address bus Carries memory addresses that indicate where the data is located and where the data should go.
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) The part of the CPU that handles arithmetic and logic operations.
Base Unit Unit that contains the motherboard, diskette drives, and hard disk drive.
Bus A set of circuits that connect the CPU to other components.
Cache High-speed memory used to store frequently used data so that it can be quickly retrieved by an application. SRAM
Clock rate The speed at which a CPU can execute instructions, measured in megahertz or gigahertz.
Compiler A program that converts an entire program into machine code before the program is executed.
Control bus Carries control signals.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) Processes data and controls the flow of data between the computer’s other units. Also contains the ALU. Located on the motherboard.
Desktop computer A computer designed to fit on or under a desk.
Ergonomics The science that studies safe work environments.
Expansion boards Circuit boards that connect to the motherboard to add functionality to the computer.
Handheld computer A mobile computing device.
Hardware The physical components of the computer, such as the monitor and system unit.
High-level programming languages Third generation programming languages that have English-like instructions.
Input device Device used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
Integrated Circuits (ICs) A silicon wafer with intricate circuits etched into its surface and then coated with a metallic oxide that fills in the etched circuit patterns. Also called a chip.
Interpreter A program that translates and executes an instruction before moving on to the next instruction in the program.
IT (Information Technology) A term that encompasses all aspects of computer-related technology.
LAN (Local Area Network) A network used to connect devices within a small area.
Low-level programming languages First and second generation programming languages including machine language and assembly language.
Megabytes (MB) Approximately one million bytes.
Megahertz (MHz) Millions of cycles per second.
Motherboard The main circuit board inside the base unit.
Network A combination of software and hardware that allows computers to exchange data and to share software and devices, such as printers.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) An approach to programming where modules are created that can be used over and over again.
Operating system Software that allows the user to communicate with the computer. Types include multiuser, multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, or real time.
Output device A device used to convey processed data.
Peripheral device A device attached to a PC.
Programming languages A set of words, codes, and symbols that allows a programmer to communicate with the computer.
RAM (Random Access Memory) Memory that temporarily stores data and instructions. Also called primary or main memory.
ROM (Read Only Memory) Memory that stores data and is a permanent part of the computer.
Storage devices Devices that use persistent media to maintain files. Also referred to as drives, mass storage, and auxiliary storage.
WAN (Wide Area Network) A network used to connect computers over large geographical distances.
Wearable computer A mobile computing device that is incorporated into clothing, eyewear, wrist-wear, and other wearables.
Created by: denise.stevens5
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