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ASM Block 7 (N)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a vacuum bag set up, what material is used to wick the excess adhesive from the repair? | Bleeder material |
| What inert fillers can be used to make a potting compound? | Micro balloons, Cab-O-Sil |
| What substance causes a resin to cure? | Curing Agent / Excelerator |
| Which matrix system undergoes a chemical change when it cures and cannot be reheated and re-formed? | Thermoset resin |
| Which thermoset matrix can not be used on structural components? | Polyester |
| What transfers stresses between the load carrying faces /skins? | Core |
| Why is core density important? | To maintain strength in the structure |
| What is a laminate? | 2 or more layers or plies of advanced composite fibers bonded together under heat and pressure |
| What part carries loads in a sandwich constructed panel? | The facing laminate |
| How are advanced composites better than metals? | They are more resistant to fatigue |
| A composite is made of what? | Fibers and a resin system |
| The fibers give the component _______ and ________ strength | Shear, Tensile |
| What is the hardest and strongest advance composite fibers? | Boron |
| What is an advanced composite? | Embedding high stiffness composite fibers in a resin matrix |
| What indicates the direction in which the strength lies and runs with the roll? | Warp |
| What is the term used to identify the fibers running perpendicular to the roll? | Fill |
| What is the stitching that runs up both sides of the fabric to keep the fibers from unraveling? | Selvaged edge |
| What are threads of a different color than the parent fibers running 2 inches apart indicating the warp and 6 inches apart indicating the Fill? | Tracer threads |
| What code is used to translate the engineers angles to the Repair site? | Standard industrial laminate orientation code |
| What are the two types of Quasi-isotropic lay ups? | Symmetrical laminate and balanced laminate |
| What inspection method is generally effective up to a surface thickness of .080? | Tap testing |
| What are used to define patch layout and aid in constructing and laying up repair patch plies? | Cutting templates |
| What are overlay plies? | Additional plies that add strength to the original plies |
| When performing a step-joint repair how are the damaged plies removed? | Seperately |
| What are the three common Repair joints? | Scarf, step-joint, overlap |
| Which common repair simply covers the damaged area with a patch? | Overlap |
| On what type of structures are scarf Repairs typically used? | Laminates on highly loaded structures |
| Scarf ratios are determined according to what? | The loads that must be transferred |
| What grit sandpaper is used to rough sand by hand to scarf into the laminate? | 80-150 grit |
| Sounds good me | |
| Describe what a “J” type plug is | A black colored plug connector with round pins |
| What is a “K” type plug? | Yellow colored plug connector with flat pins |
| What is the most commonly used plug? | The “J” plug |
| What minimum temp should you attain when welding TC’s? | 800 degrees F |
| What is Repairable Damage? | More severe. Holes, tears, gouges, seperations, and cracks in the skin |
| What is Negligable damage? | Relatively minor damage |
| How many thermocouples can be assigned per zone? | 3 |
| The time between soaks at which the temp is either rising or falling is called what? | Ramp rate |
| The ramp rate should fall between how many degrees a minute? | 3 degrees to 10 degrees |
| What is the maximum number of soaks that can be programmed? | 6 |
| Once an alarm has been sounded, what key do you press to acknowledge that a problem exists? | E |
| If an alarm has sounded and a visual flashing “T” is displayed, what are you going to trouble shoot? | Thermal couple |
| If an alarm has sounded and a visual flashing “V” is displayed, what are you going to trouble shoot? | Low vacuum, leak in the bag |
| If an alarm has sounded and a visual flashing “P” is displayed, what are you going to trouble shoot? | No heat |
| What is the most commonly used repair method for damaged core? | Wet lay-up |
| The curing of repair plies and simultaneously bonding them to the prepared structure during the same cure cycle | Co-Cured |
| When a patch is pre-manufactured (cured) then bonded to the structure during another cure cycle | Pre-Cured |
| What are the three different repair methods for damaged core? | Wet lay-up, Co-Cured, Pre-Cured |
| What grit sandpaper do you use for rough sanding? | 80-150 |
| What grit sand paper do you use when you are finish sanding? | 150-240 grit |
| What special tools are needed to remove composite materials for repairs? | Carbide or cobalt cutters, diamond coated/Dusted Cutters |
| What is E-Glass? | The most common type of all purpose fiberglass cloth. Used in electrical applications, radomes, antennae, and computer circuit boards |
| What is S-Glass? | Standard for special higher performance applications such as aerospace and ballistics. 40-70% stronger than E-Glass |
| What are the three main types of raw fiberglass? | Woven glass cloth, chopped fibers, fiberglass mat |
| What is Carbon/Graphite fibers? | The most commonly used advanced composite for aircraft structures |
| What is Carbon/Graphite Type 1? | Very stiff and used in aerospace applications |
| What is Carbon/Graphite Type II? | High strength and most commonly used in aircraft industry |
| What is Carbon/Graphite Type III? | Moderate strength ised in toolimg and carbon brakes |
| What is another name for Aramid? | Kevlar |
| What are the two most common Aramid types? | Kevlar 29, and Kevlar 49 |
| What is Kevlar 29 used for? | Ballistics, armor rope, and cable |
| What is Kevlar 49 used for? | Structural grade aircraft repairs |
| What are the three steps to damage assessment? | 1st: locate the damage 2nd: evaluate and clean up the damage 3rd: re-evaluate after damage removal has been done |
| What are the three ways to locate the damage? | Visual inspection, tap testing, and NDI |
| What are the three classifications of damage? | Negligible, Repairable, and Non-Repairable |
| What kind of damage does vibration cause? | Worn, elongated mounting holes, and de-lamination of cracks |
| What kind of things cause Ground Handling damage? | Careless maintenance practices, dropped tools or equipment, |
| What is a surface scratch? | Damage that does not affect parent laminate fibers or the internal structure of a composite |
| What is a dent? | A hollow or low place usually caused by an impact |
| What is a de-lamination? | Separation between two or more laminate plies |
| What is a disbond? | An adhesive failure or seperation at the bond line |
| What will cause an adhesive failure in a repair? | Contamination |
| What are the two types of thermoset resins? | Polyester, Epoxy |
| What are thermoplastic resins? | Non-curing resins that can be heated and re-shaped after hardening |
| What is Sol Gel? | Primer for bonding |
| Resins and pastes are considered what stage? | Stage A |
| What stage are scrim cloth and micro beads? | A-stage |
| What stage are adhesives and pre-pregs? | B-stage |
| What are micro-balloons used for? | Filler material |
| What is Cab-O-Sil used for? | Thickening agent |
| What are chopped glass fibers used for? | To add strength |
| With a filler compound, when should you add heat? | Only once the resin begins to harden |
| What is the purpose of the Cure process? | To achieve the maximum strength in the repair |
| What are the two types of fabric separators? | Porous and non-porous |
| What is the purpose of the insulator material? | Prevent heat loss/transfer |
| What are the three types of sealant material for vacuum bagging? | Sealant tape, Dux seal, Double sided tape |
| If using a heat lamp, how hot should it get? | 150 degrees |
| What are the different types of moisture detection? | X-Ray, Desiccant color changing pen, weight method |
| When using a router, how deep should you go? | 1/4 or larger |
| What are templates used for? | Guide the router while cutting |
| What are the three types of core damage? | Crushed core, water intrusion, corrosion |
| What is the primary load carrying element? | Fibers |
| What are the two types of woven glass cloth? | E-Glass, S-Glass |
| What is the most advanced composite? | Carbon/Graphite |
| What type of composite construction has equal strength in virtually all directions? | Quasi-Isotropic |
| What advanced composite structure has plies oriented at right angles from each other? | Cross ply |
| Thermal couple placement: How far should thermocouples be placed from the adhesive line? | 1/2 inch |
| Thermal couple placement: How far must the control TC be from the heater blanket power cord? | 90 degrees |
| Thermal couple placement: How far should the TC’s be from the A/C power cord? | 1 inch |
| What is the sanding template used for? | Protects undamaged area |
| What is the cutting template? | Used for cutting patch plies, has ply direction, silok |
| What is the stacking template? | Similar to the cutting template, has ply orientation, silok, used to stack your plies |
| What is fiberglass made of? | Glass marbles and other materials |
| What is Non-Repairable damage? | the maximum allowable damage described bt the T.O. Depot Level |
| What is the Most Critical step of the repair process? | Surface Prep |
| When doing a water break test, how do you know when the surface is clean? | When the water spreads out and forms a continuous film on the surface |
| How is Sol Gel applied? | Spraying, brushing, or dipping |
| What is the most commonly used matrix in aerospace composite structures? | Epoxy |
| What is the purpose of Pressure Plates/Caul Plates? | Equally distribute pressure and heat across the repair |
| What is the purpose of a heat blanket? | To provide heat to the repair site to cure the repair adhesives |
| What is the purpose of a Thermal Couple? | To accurately sense temperatures |
| Name the four different kinds of advanced composites. | Fiberglass, Graphite, Aramid, Boron |
| What does a matrix provide? | Compression strength |
Created by:
Tphan4462
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