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CM-CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Colorless fluid found in the brain | CSF |
| Chemical composition of CSF | water, sodium, potassium, and chloride |
| Most common practice to collect spinal fluid | lumbar puncture |
| Which region is the spinal tap performed in | L3-L4 |
| What is the puncture that uses a needle placed below the occipital bone | Cisternal puncture |
| What puncture is recommended in people with possible brain herniation | Ventricular puncture |
| Term used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink orange or yellow | Xanthochromic |
| Normal amounts of protein in CSF | 15 to 45 mg/dl |
| Normal amounts of glucose in CSF | 50-80 mg/dl |
| Thicker CSF may be indications of what kind of disease | Some types of cancers or meningitis |
| Most common diagnosis with a Xanthrochromatic CSF | Meningitis |
| Meningitis is commonly caused by what bacteria | Neisseria meningitis or meningococcus |
| What is indicated by evenly distributed blood in CSF | Cerebral hemorrhage |
| What does a diminishing amount of blood in CSF indicate? | Traumatic tap |
| What forms a clot in CSF collection | Traumatic Tap |
| What does not form a clot in CSF collection | Intracranial hemorrhage |
| What happens when the needle used during the lumbar puncture inadvertently enters an epidural vein during insertion in the patient | Traumatic tap |
| What is the condition when the pellicle appears web-like after 24 hours and is enhanced by refrigeration | Tuberculosis Meningitis |
| What is the spontaneous arterial bleeding into the subarachnoid space and is characterized by xanthochromia of the CSF sample | Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| What should normal CSF look like | Distilled watter |
| What causes the yellow discoloration of CSF | Bilirubin |
| What causes the pink discoloration of CSF | Oxyhemoglobin |
| After centrifugation of the CSF sample from a traumatic tap, what should it look like? | Clear |
| India ink nigrosine stains which show Cryptococcus capsular halos indicate what type of meningitis | Fungal meningitis |
| Meningitis: Viral, tubercular, syphilitic, leptospiral, parasitic | Increased in CSF lymphocytosis |
| Meningitis: bacterial, Viral, tubercular, mycotic, and amoebic | Increased in CSF neutrophilia |
| What is also known as quotient of albumin | CSF/Serum albumin index |
| What is the reference interval for CSF IgG index | 0.34 - 0.7 |
| What catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| What is the cytokine that can be found in the brain | CK-BB |
| What is the chemical test used for the diagnosis of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease? | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| Which chemical test differentiates TB meningitis from other types of meningitis | Adenosine deaminase |
| Which WBC is elevated in viral and TB Meningitis | Lymphocytes |
| How many hours must blood be drawn before spinal tap to allow equilibration between the blood and glucose | 2 hours |
| Which precipitating agent is most commonly used in the turbidimetric method | SSA and sodium sulfate |
| Which compound is able to remove the toxic metabolic waste of ammonia | Glutamine |
| What is the most common type of dementia | Alzheimer's disease |
| What condition occurs when Aβ42, a protein, decreases and Total-tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) increases | Alzheimer's disease |
| What is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks healthy nerve cells in the PNS | Guillan-Barre Syndrome |
| What is the condition when the intracranial pressure increases idiopathically | Pseudotumor Cerebri |
| What is the condition where the immune system attacks and damages the myelin sheath | Multiple Sclerosis |
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