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KIN 3600
lec 27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Cardiovascular system works together with | the pulmonary system |
| Functions of the cardiovascular system | -Transport O2 to tissues -Removal of CO2 and metabolic by-products from tissues -Transports heat by convection - Regulation of body temperature -Transportation of hormones -Transportation of nutrients such as glucose and free fatty acids |
| What is the Cardiovascular system is composed of | of large and small blood vessels and a pump - heart |
| Structure of the heart | -Chambers of the heart -Right atrium and left atrium (Right and Left Atria) -Right and left ventricles |
| Atria receive blood from body tissues , where does it go next? | pump it into ventricles; which in turn pump blood back to the body tissues |
| The valves of the Heart | - Right Atrioventricular (A-V) or Tricuspid Valve - Left Atrioventricular (A-V) or Mitrial Valve - Pulmonic Semilunar Valve - Aortic semilunar valve |
| What do valves provide? | one-way Circulation through Cardiovascular system (prevent backflow) |
| Systemic arteries | -Aorta -Large arteries -Smaller arteries -Resistance arteries -Arterioles |
| Aorta | contain a lot of elastic connective tissue |
| Large arteries | also contain large amount of elastic connective tissue |
| Resistance arteries | contain more vascular smooth muscle |
| Arterioles | contain thick muscular walls and little elastic tissue |
| Systemic veins | -Venules -Large veins -Superior Vena Cava -Inferior Vena Cava |
| Pulmonary blood vessels | -Pulmonary trunk Artery -Right and Left pulmonary arteries -Pulmonary arterioles -Pulmonary capillaries -Pulmonary venules -Pulmonary veins |
| Arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| Veins | carry blood towards the heart |
| Pulmonary and systemic circulations | the heart is divided into two parts: Right Heart (Right Atrium and Right Ventricle) and Left Heart (Left Atrium and Left Ventricle) |
| Pulmonary circulation | Starts R ventricle & terminates in L atrium |
| Systemic circulation | Starts L ventricle & terminates in R atrium |
| Large arteries | -thin walls composed of mostly connective tissue -thin muscular layer -high elasticity but cannot constrict much |
| Arterioles | -thick walls that contain very thick muscular layer -thin connective tissue layer |
| Contraction of muscular layer results in | Vasoconstriction |
| while relaxation of the muscular layer results in | Vasodilation -decreasing the resistance to blood flow to various organs and tissues and thus increasing the Blood Flow. |
| Redistribution of blood during rest | -15 to 20% of blood is distributed to the skeletal muscles -remaining 80 to 85% is distributed to the visceral organs,heart and brain |
| Redistribution of blood during exercise | -dilation of arterioles in working skeletal muscles -constriction of arterioles in inactive organs & skeletal muscles -redistribution of blood from visceral organs to working skeletal muscles |
| higher intensity of exercise | the larger redistribution of blood to working skeletal muscles |
| Maximal exercise up to 90% total systemic blood flow | may be delivered to skeletal muscles. |
| Regardless of exercise intensity, what happens to the heart and brain blood flow? | is never compromise |
| However, the absolute blood flow to both heart and brain increases | with increase in the intensity of exercise |
| Muscle pump | type of heart pump with no suction - one way valve |
| when does muscle pump function? | during dynamic and static exercises |
| Because heart has no suction, how does it get blood? | Skeletal muscles - motor Veins with one-way value – pump |
| How does the muscle stop blood from going back down | -Muscle contracts and increases the pressure - it squeezed arteries & veins flat |
| What is Post-exercise blood pooling? | During prolonged, vigorous exercise, the blood vessels in your legs expand/dilated, meaning that more blood moves through them and blood to the heart is low |
| What does Post-exercise blood pooling result in? | syncope - fainting |
| Abdomino–thoracic, or Respiratory pump | during inspiration, pressure within thorax decreases while the abdominal pressure increases. This pressure difference helps to force the blood back to the heart. -one way valve |
| Is Abdomino–thoracic, or Respiratory pump active during rest or exercise? | active during both |
| Heart Rate (HR) | Number of times heart beats per minute |
| Stroke Volume (SV) | amount of blood pumped by heart per beat |
| HR Rest | ≈ 72 beats per minute (b·min-1) |
| SV Rest | ≈ 70 ml per beat (ml·beat-1) |
| Cardiac output | Q = HR x SV |
| Heart pumps 72 b·min-1 × 70 ml·beat-1 | 5040 ml·min-1 or 5.04 L·min-1 |
| During physical activity, cardiac output increases | in proportion to the power output -Both HR and SV increase |
| untrained individuals | -SV reaches its maximum at ≈ 40% of Vo2 max -Further ^ increases in cardiac output are due to the increases in HR. |
| Endurance-trained individuals | SV may not plateau – increase progressively until max. |
| What does Endurance training cause? | increase in Qmax and Vo2max with no change or slight decrease in HRmax |
Created by:
rmart11
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