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IB Topic 2

Computer Organization

TermDefinition
Central Processing Unit houses the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit
Arithmetic logic unit boolean type of digital circuit that performs integer calculations and bitwise operations
Control Unit directs operations of the processor
Memory Address Register storage component in the CPU which temporarily stores the location of the data sent until the instruction for that particular data is executed
Random Access Memory a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used
Read-Only Memory permanent and non-volatile storage ( keeps data event when not powered)
Primary Memory computer storage that is accessed directly by the CPU
Cache Memory stores recently used information so that it can be quickly accessed at a later time
Machine Instruction Cycle fetch , decode, execute, store result
Persistent Storage data storage device that retains data after power to that device is shut off
Operating System the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.
Application Software program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user
Bit basic unit of information in information theory, computing, and digital communications
Byte unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number
Binary base 2 number system that is made up of only two numbers: 0 and 1
Denary/Decimal base 10 number system that is made up 10 numbers 0-9
Hexadecimal hexadecimal 16 number system that is made up 16 numbers 0-9, A - F
AND boolean operator used to combine two boolean expressions; only true when both expressions are true
OR boolean operator used to combine two boolean expressions; only false when both expressions are false
NOT boolean operator used to negate two boolean expressions
NAND boolean operator used to combine two boolean expressions; only false when both expressions are true
NOR boolean operator used to combine two boolean expressions; only true when both expressions are false
XOR boolean operator used to combine two boolean expressions; only true when expressions are different
Truth table a tabular representation of all the combinations of values for inputs and their corresponding outputs based on boolean logic
Logic Diagram graphical representation of a program using formal logic
Created by: shoemaker
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