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KIN 3600
Lec 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Respiratory Zone Function | Gas exchange |
| Respiratory Composed of: | -Respiratory bronchioles -Alveolar ducts -Alveolar sack -Alveoli |
| Respiratory Membrane | -Two thick membrane – Alveolar & pulmonary Capillary walls |
| Respiratory Membrane thickness | 02-0.5mm |
| Function of respiratory muscles | Pressure difference between air in the lungs & atmosphere |
| Ventilation | (V̇E) |
| Ventilation (V̇E) | Movement in & out of the lungs |
| Tidal Volume | (VT) |
| Tidal Volume (VT) | Amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath |
| Ventilatory frequency | (V̇f) |
| Ventilatory frequency (V̇f) | How many times your breath per/min |
| Pressure in lungs v decrease | Pressure of air in the atmosphere |
| Pressure in Lungs ^ | air mores out of atmosphere |
| Taller persons | ^ higher ventilation |
| @ rest | No inhale/exhale |
| Inspiration | -Air in -Pressure v decrease below atmospheric pressure |
| Expiration | -Air out -Pressure ^ increase above atmospheric pressure |
| Calculation of ventilation | V̇E = VT • V̇f |
| Inspiration muscles | - Diaphragm - External intercostal muscle - Auxiliary inspiration muscles |
| Is Inspiration an active or passive process | Active process@ rest --> needs energy |
| Expiration Muscles | - Internal. Intercostal muscle - Rectus abdominis muscle - Internal oblique muscle |
| Is Expiration an active or passive process | @ rest expiration is Passive process because elastic recoil @ lungs & rib cage |
| Dead space ventilation | (V̇D) |
| Dead space ventilation (V̇D) | The amount of air ventilating conducting zone of the lungs per-min (Volume Dead Zone) |
| Alveolar Ventilation | (V̇A) |
| Alveolar Ventilation (V̇A) | The amount of air ventilating the respiratory Zone of the lungs per-min |
| Total Ventilation | V̇D + V̇E |
| Calculation of Dead space & Alveolar ventilation | V̇E = Vf • VD |
| Calculation of Alveolar ventilation @ rest | V̇A = Vf rest • (VT rest – VD rest) |
| Calculation of Dead space @ rest | V̇D = V̇E – V̇A |
| Calculation of Alveolar ventilation @ exercise | V̇A = Vf exercise • (VT exercise– VD exercise) |
| Calculation of Dead space @ exercise | V̇D = V̇D exercise – V̇f exercise |
| Which percent of the ventilated air participated in gas exchange during rest & exercise ? | -Rest: 4.2L-min / 60L-min • 100% = ~70% -Exercise: 94.7% |
| during exercise the respiratory efficiency of ventilation | increases |
| Do respiratory muscles fatigue during exercise? | Current evidence suggests that respiratory muscles do fatigue during exercise |
| Do respiratory muscles adapt to training? | -Yes!!! -^ increased oxidative capacity improves respiratory muscle endurance -v reduces work of breathing |
| Ventilatory failure | Gas exchange is not complete |
| Composition of dry atmosphere air | - Oxygen (O2) - Nitrogen (N2) - Carbon Dioxide (CO2) |
| Oxygen (O2) | 20.93% |
| Nitrogen (N2) | 79.04% |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | .03% |
| Oxygen (O2) Functional concentration | 0.2093 |
| Nitrogen (N2) Functional concentration | 0.7904% |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Functional concentration | 0.000 |
| Dalton’s Law | Total pressure exerted by mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the pressure |
| Partial pressure (P): | the pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture of gases |
| Partial pressure of gasses is directly proportional | to their fractional concentration in the mixture of gases |
| Calculation of Partial pressure | Pair = PN2 + PO2 + PCO2 |
Created by:
rmart11
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