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KIN 3600
lec 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| increase % SO | Endurance training |
| increase % FT | Sprinters |
| Average persons SO & FT | 50% / 50% |
| Factors affecting the force & power production | - Myogenic or intrinsic factors - Length-tension relationship - Force-velocity relation |
| Length-tension relationship | - Length of muscle affects overlap between the thick & thin filaments - # cross bridges activated |
| Force-velocity relation | The amount of force developed during muscular contractions also depend on the velocity of the contraction |
| ^ Contraction | v velocity |
| v Contraction | ^ Velocity |
| FT develops what? | larger peak force |
| ST contracts what? | higher velocity |
| Velocity = 0 | the highest amount of force (isometric) |
| Po | maximal force when velocity is 0 |
| o VMax | Max velocity of contraction when Force = 0 |
| Why do FT contract @ higher velocity? - What is the underlying mechanism? | FG fibers have higher ATPase activity – higher rate of ATP hydrolysis – higher rate of energy transformation. – higher rate of cross bridge recycling – higher contractile velocity (unloaded or @ any given force) |
| what makes a muscle develop force faster | - Force depends on # of cross bridges that are in power/active - Depends. On how many troponins are saturated with calcium |
| Rate of force depends on | Ca++ released |
| ^ Ca++ = | ^ Cross bridges = ^ force |
| FG fibers develop force @ higher rate | it has well-developed (denser) SR network - Higher rate of Ca++ release – higher rate of force development |
| Which MF develop force faster | FG fibers |
| Ca++ Re-uptake is also faster in what | resulting in faster relaxation (FT) |
| Static (isometric) action | Limb does not move but muscle contracts |
| Dynamic (isotonic) Action | Developing force with lengthening or shortening |
| Concentric muscular action | Shorten/contraction |
| Eccentric muscular action | • Lengthening • Hypertension happens here |
| Isokinetic muscular action | - Same movement of velocity - Velocity remains same |
| Muscle develops larger force when | its forcibility being stretched - Eccentric |
| Power-velocity Relationship | ^ velocity of contraction the ^ power output |
| Further ^ in velocity | results in v Power output |
| Optimal Velocity | the velocity of muscular action @ which the P.O. is maximal |
| ^O.P. @ any given velocity | FT have ^higher P.O. than S.O. |
| @ any P.O | S.O. contracts faster than FT |
| Effect of FG on the power velocity relationship during concentric muscular action | - FG = ^ P.O. @ any given velocity - FG = v Velocity @ any given P.O. - FG = ^ Optimal velocity |
| Highest Power output achieved at | 30% velocity max |
| Power-velocity the P.O is greater in a muscle of different fiber type composition | @ any given velocity the P.O. is greater in a muscle with higher % of FT fibers |
| The peak power of muscles increases with what? | velocity up to angular velocity of 200-300 degrees-sec |
| In vivo | Force developed by muscles in regulated by 2 mechanisms |
| Necrogenic regulation of muscle 2 mechanisms | 1. BY regulating the # of motor units recruited into action – up to 100-fold increase the force output 2. By regulating the force output via increasing the firing frequency of a motoneurons (Rate coding - 4-fold) |
| Specific training | ^ anaerobic & aerobic capacity of both MF types |
| Types IIx --> IIa | Both strength & endurance training |
| Type IIa --> I | Extensive endurance training |
| Endurance training | ^ aerobic capacity |
Created by:
rmart11
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