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KIN 3600
Lec 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is BMR? | The rate of energy expenditure during absolute rest |
| What is MET? | Resting energy expenditure. -3.5 ml-kg-min |
| Why do we create the unit of MET? | -express intensity of exercise of various types of activity -also, able to calculate |
| If you know the weight (kg) of a person | you can calculate energy expenditure of that activity |
| Resting VO2 is unknown | You can estimate rate of energy expenditure |
| Find Estimated VO2 | weight (kg) x 1 MET (3.5) x intensity MET |
| Convert VO2 to E.E | Estimated rate E.E = Estimated VO2 x 5Kcal |
| If you have resting VO2 | Actual rate E.E. = resting VO2 x intensity x 5Kcal |
| What is mechanical efficiency | Mechanical work relative to the total amount of energy transformed during and exercise |
| Energy equivalent of O2 | 4.82 or 5.0 Kcal/LO2 |
| 1 Kcal | 4186.85 J or 4186.85 Nm |
| Energy input | = VO2 x Energy expenditure of O2 |
| Energy output | = 1 J-sec X seconds in 1 min / 1 Kcal |
| M.E. (gross) | = Output / Input x 100% |
| Net O2 consumption | = VO2 – BMR in Liters |
| Net energy input | = O2 consumption x Energy expenditure |
| M.E. (NET) | = GROSS energy output / Net energy input x 100% |
| Functions of Nervous system | sensory, integrative and motor |
| sensory function | allows the body to gather information from both within and outside the body |
| integrative function | is how the gathered information is processed |
| motor function | in which the effectors are able to act |
| Central nervous system (CNS) | brain & spinal cord |
| Perineural Nervous system (PNS) | -is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body -not protected by the vertebral column and skull, or by the blood–brain barrier, which leaves it exposed to injuries |
| Afferent neurons | SENSORY neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli TOWARDS the central nervous system and brain |
| Efferent neurons | MOTOR neurons that carry neural impulses AWAY from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement |
| Characteristics of Neurons | polarized -Excitability -Conductivity |
| Polarized | Electrically charged neuron |
| Excitability | ability to respond stimuli - ability transmit electrical impulses |
| Conductivity | ability transmit electrical impulses |
| Electrical Activity of Neurons | -Amino acids -ATP & CP -HCO3 ----> Negative charge & cannot go outside the cell |
| inside the cell | extremely negative |
| outside the cell | positive |
| Electrical gradient | Positive & Negative charge gradient |
| Chemical or Diffusion gradient | high to low concentration |
| Electro-chemical equilibrium | Potassium ions only can go inside the cell |
| Resting membrane Potential | unstimulated (-70mV) |
| What will happen if 1 ion get out of the cell | - 1 cell moves out - 1 cell comes in restoring electro-chemical balance |
| Sodium (Na+) | - Will sneak in b/c electrical force will try to pull it inside the cell - Not supposed to come inside only K+ |
| What happens when Na+ comes inside the cell | - Inside becomes less negative because of the overwhelming positive charge - K+ exits cell to keep the balance between the charges |
| Na+/K+ pump – ATPase | Special protein in membrane to kick Na+ out and let K+ come back inside |
| Na+ rushes in & overwhelms the cell & blocks negative charge | 0 mV depolarization |
| What happens to cell membrane potential after geting overwhelmed by Na+ | Becomes positive: +30 mV -Na+ gates close to prevent further ^ -Reverse potential: 30mV |
| What happens to K+ when cell is positive | K+ rushes out of the cell to maintain balance -Reestablish equilibrium back to -70mV K+ gates open more than usual causes RMP to become -75mV -It then returns back to normal @ -70mV |
| Action Potential | nerve impulses & complete changes in membrane potential |
Created by:
rmart11
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