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Science 2019-20

AP Art History

TermDefinition
Proteins that regulate cell check points Retinoblastoma protein (pRb), p53, p21
Proteins in BCL-2 Family Bak, Bax, bcl-2
Bak Encourages apoptosis. Stimulated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activating classes, stimulating death
Bax Encourages apoptosis. Stimulated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activating classes, stimulating death
Bcl-2 Prevents apoptosis
Hyperplasia Increase in number of normal cells
Dysplasia Presence of cells that are abnormal but not cancer
Mutation in which gene causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome p53
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Made by liver. Bonds to sex hormones to keep their levels regulated
Insulin-like growth factor 1 Stimulates tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis
mSEPT9 Involved in cell division. Form of this protein tested for in colon cancer blood tests. Found in colorectal cancer cells.
CA-125 Cancer Antigen 125. Protein found in blood. Cancer cells secrete more of it
Carcinoma In epithelial cells (skin, hollow organ lining, various tissues)
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas Carcinomas in skin cells
Adenocarcinomas Form in glandular cells in epithelial tissues that secrete fluids. (Some breast cancers, prostate cancer, lung sometimes, and pancreatic sometimes)
Melanoma Melanocytes are cells that secrete melanin. Located in stratum basale (chemo resistant)
Sarcoma Mesoderm turns into mesenchyme. Mesenchyme develops into connective tissue (bone, fat, cartilage, blood). Sarcomas=cancer from mesenchyme tissues. Rare but return and spread
Osteosarcoma Bone sarcoma. High grade (usually in kids) divide a lot and don’t resemble bone
Soft tissue sarcoma Develop in muscle, fat, nervous tissue, and blood vessels
Lymphoma Originate in white blood cells (lymphocytes). Hodgkins and non-hodgkins
Leukemia Start in bone marrow or blood. Lymphoblastic come from immature white blood cells. Myeloid come from immature blood cells. White blood cell count increased
Blastoma Come from immature cells in fetus. Genetically formed
Alkylating agents Chemo type. Create bulk adduct. Create DNA damage cancer cell can’t repair. P53 will then stimulate cell death.
Alkylating agents drawbacks Doesn’t work for p53 mutated cells. Bone marrow suppression
Antimetabolties Chemo type. Look like components used in copying DNA during S phase. Interfere with DNA copying (block folic acid, insert themselves into dna (intercalation), block transcription, cause breaks in DNA)
Topoismerase inhibitors Chemo type. Topoismerase enzymes prevent dna from supercooling. These stall replication machinery
Mitotic inhibitors Chemo type. Block cells from doing mitosis. Bind to spindle apparatus, microtubules, and actin components
Created by: bramlgra000
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