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Chapter 2
Chemistry of Life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | central core of atom |
| Proton | positively charged particle in nucleus |
| Neutron | non-charged particle in nucleus |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in the nucleus; determines type of atom |
| Atomic Mass | number of protons and neutrons combined [protons+neutrons] |
| Energy Levels | regions surrounding atomic nucleus that contain electrons |
| Electron | negatively charged particle |
| Element | a pure substance; made up of only one kind of atom |
| Molecule | a group of atoms bound together in a group |
| Compound | substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom |
| Covalent Bonds | when atoms share their outer energy to fill up and thus become stable |
| Examples of Inorganic Molecules | water and some acids, bases, and salts |
| Water | Essential to life |
| Dehydration Synthesis | chemical reaction in which water is removed from small molecules and then strung together to form a larger molecule |
| Hydolysis | chemical reaction in which water is added to the subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules |
| Acid | substance that shifts the H+/OH- balance in favor of H+; opposite of base |
| Base | substance that shifts the H+/OH- balance against H+; also known as an alkaline; opposite of acid |
| pH | mathematical expression of relative H+ concentration in an aqueous solution |
| Neutralization | acids and bases mix to form salts |
| Buffers | chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases and thus maintain a relatively stable pH |
| Body's Normal pH Level | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Carbohydrates | sugars and complex carbohydrates |
| Lipids | fats and oils |
| Proteins | Very large molecules made up of amino acids held together in long, folded chains by peptide bonds |
| Collagen | a fibrous protein that holds many tissues together |
| Keratin | forms tough, waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin |
| Catalysts | help chemical reactions occur |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | a modified nucleotide used to transfer energy from nutrients to cellular processes, thus acting as an energy-transfer “battery" |
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TheLifeOfMJ
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