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Nerve Physiology
UCI Physio Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| equation for how fast the membrane potential can change | dV/dt=I/C |
| equation for how much charge needs to be stored in the membrane to maintain a given membrane potential | V=Q/C |
| C is proportional to what | s/d so dV/dt=Id/s |
| V is proportional to what | Qd/s |
| hyperkalemia | high levels of potassium in serum |
| hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in serum |
| nernst equation for potassium | V(k)=(RT/z(k)F)ln(K(o)/K(i)) |
| nernst equation in usefull form for all ions | V=(62/z)log(ion(o)/ion(i)) |
| what is the current when Vm=Vion | 0 |
| electrochemical driving force | V(m)-V(ion) |
| what is G(ion) | conductance of the membrane for that ion G(ion)=NP(o)gamma (N is number of channels, P(o) is the % of channels open, and gamma is the conductance of a single channel |
| I(ion) equation | I(ion)=G(ion)[V(m)-V(ion)] or replace G(ion) with NP(o)Gamma |
| general equation for V(m) | V(m)=[Sum from i to n] G(i)V(i)/[Sum from i to n]G(i) |
| Na/K ATPase pumps what ratio | 3 Na in for 2 K out |
| what sets the V(resting) for potassium | leak channels |
| digoxin and ouabain | cardiac glycosides pump inhibitors and increase heart contractility |
| palytoxin | very toxic; binds to Na/K ATPase pump and locks it allowing free Na K transported |
| halothane and isoflurane | general anesthesia gases that activate K+ leak channels, making neurons less excitable |
| lidocaine and procaine | local anesthetics; block Nav channels |
| propofol (divrivan) | short-acting hypnotic agent blocks Nav channels; used to induce and maintain general anasthesia |
| antiepileptic/anticonvulsant drugs | inhibit Nav channels (phenytoin and carbamazepine) |
| antiarrhythmic drugs | block delayed rectifier Kv channels (Dofetilide) |
| TTX and STX | tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin; paralytic toxins; block Na channels |
| channelopathies | diseases caused by altered fxn of ion channel (genetic or acquired) |
| synaptotagmin | Ca++ sensor that links Ca++ channel activation to vesicle fusion |
| BoNT and TeNT action | cleave the SNARE complex so that vesicle fusion can't occur |
| AchE | degrades Ach |
| drugs that treat dementia in patients with Alzheimer target what | AChE |
| Sarin | nerve gas that inhibits AchE causes paralysis |
| ionotropic | ion channel directly gated by the ligand neurotransmitter |
| metabotropic | receptor that, upon neurotransmitter binding, initiates an intracellular signaling cascade |
| nicotinic AchR | postsynaptic receptor at NMJ; made of 5 subunits- 2 alpha, beta, gamma, delta; both alpha sites must be bound for opening |
| reverse potential equation for the ESPS | V(esps)=((Gamma(Na)/Gamma(K))V(Na) + V(K))/((Gamma(Na))/(Gamma(K))+1) |
| equation for Gamma Na/Gamma K | GammaNa/GammaK=(Vepsp-Vk)/(Vna-Vepsp) |
| MEPP | miniature end plate potential which occur randomly |
| probablility of NMJ firing from one AP | 100% |
| probability of CNS firing from one AP | low |
| curare | non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that blocks nAChR |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder from antibodies that block nAChRs; treated with AchE inhibitors |
| type I CNS synapses | glutamatergic (excitatory) |
| type II CNS synapses | GABA (inhibitory) |
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