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The vessels Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arteries and veins that travel to together often share what? | Name |
| what blood vessels are involved in systemic circulation? | the ones that extend to and from the body's tissues |
| what blood vessels are involved in pulmonary circulation? | the ones that come and go from the lungs for gas exchange |
| Blood vessels of the heart form what kind of system? | closed-loop |
| True/false: blood vessels can bend/ change shape in accordance with the bodies needs? | True |
| Arteries and veins run side by side with a _________ in a ________. | nerve in a NAV complex |
| pulmonary trunk does what? | carries blood from right ventricle into pulmonary circulation |
| Aorta does what? | caries blood from left ventricle into systemic circulation |
| What are the smallest blood vessels responsible for the exchange of chemicals and gases out of blood? | capillaries |
| Analogy for remembering how arteries and capillaries work... | street going into more densely packed neighborhood (needs blood to slow down in front of house) |
| arteriole means what? | baby artery |
| What do you call the area where the smallest arteries and the smallest veins meet? | capillary bed |
| Do arteries or veins have more muscle? Why? | Arteries have more muscle because they need to dilate and constrict to meet bodies needs |
| 3 layers of blood vessels: | Tunica intima (interna) Tunica media Tunica externa (adventitia) |
| this layer is made one cell thick of simple squamous endothelium | tunica intima |
| this layer makes hormones | tunica intima |
| which layer contains vasoconstrictors and vasodilators | tunica intima |
| which layer is the contractile layer | tunica media |
| which layer is tough and fibrous and won't let the cell break during contraction | tunica externa |
| which layer has an internal elastic membrane? | tunica intima |
| another name for tunica intima: | tunica interna |
| another name for tunica externa: | adventitia |
| which layer has an external elastic membrane? | tunica media |
| anything above the kiddney's has a what? | vasa vasorum |
| what veins and arteries feed the veins and arteries? | vasa vasorum |
| what layers do the vasa vasorum feed? | outer 2 layers |
| where does the inside layer get its oxygen and nutrients? | the blood right in front of it |
| nickname for vasa vasorum | "vessels of vessels" |
| vasa vasorum are implicated in the formation of what? | atherosclerotic plaques |
| vessels that don't have vasa vasorum are _______ and therefore more prone to ________ | thinner; aneurysm |
| Atheroma is what? | plaque |
| What causes vasa vasorum to cause plaque? | inflammation (WBCs) |
| Plaques don't occur where? | veins |
| Plaques form where? | between tunica intima and tunica media |
| plaques are made of what: | macrophages that become foam cells |
| what happens above the renal arteries? | plaque |
| what happens below the renal arteries? | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| what is an aneurysm? | stretched weakened wall |
| how to think of an aneurysm: | tear in wall paper with water poured behind it and t grows and can eventually break |
| most common cause of aneurysm: | atherosclerosis + high blood pressure |
| most common sites for aneurysm: | aorta, renal arteries, circle of Willis at base of brain |
| What is the result of rupture? | massive hemorage |
| Are arteries or veins more elastic and contractile (vasodilation + vasoconstriction)? | Arteries |
| Do arteries or veins have valves? | Veins |
| Do arteries or veins need to withstand high amounts of pressure? | Arteries |
| 3 types or Arteries: | 1-conducting 2-distributing 3-arterioles |
| describe conducting arteries: | ELASTIC- TRYING TO GET STUFF FROM PT A TO PT B: largest and closest to the heart; contain large amounts of elastic fibers for expansion; Ex: aorta, subclavian, common carotid |
| describe distributing fibers: | MUSCULAR SWISS CHEESE; LIMBS; medium sized & muscular; Ex: brachial, femoral, renal; **External elastic lamina behind tunica muscularis and internal elastic membrane behind tunica intima/adventitia |
| Describe Arterioles: | SLOW BLOOD DOWN TO GO INTO NEIGHBORHOODS/B.P. SPEED REGULATION; SMALLEST; Resistance vessels because can resist flow of blood using smooth muscle contraction in their walls |
| What connects capillaries to arterioles? | metarterioles |
| Do arteries or veins stretch out to be a large reservoir for extra blood in the body? | veins |
| Do arteries or veins have thinner walls? | veins |
| What does capacitance mean? | veins are storage vessels for carrying blood |
| If BP drops, this type of vessel goes through extensive constriction in an effort to maintain bp: | veins |
| 3 types of veins | 1-venules 2-Med sized veins 3-large veins |
| What is shock? | a sudden drop in venous return/bp |
| Describe venules: | POROUS; water and ion exchange; collect blood from capillaries; thin walls that are just a few endothelial cells |
| Which size vein has valves? | medium |
| What do valves do? | prevent backflow |
| Ex of medium sized veins: | Radial and ulnar veins of forearm, great saphenous veins in legs |
| Describe large veins: | CONVERGE ON HEART; thick tunica externa (fibrous) EX: Vena cavae, pulmonary veins, internal and external jugulars |
| Big word associated with capillaries: | EXCHANGE |
| What are four things capillaries exchange? | gas, hormones, nutrients, waste |
| Describe the size of capillaries: | small diameter, only 1 blood cell passes through at a time |
| no cell in the body is more than _______ away from a capillary | 4-6 cell widths |
| what areas of the body have no capillaries? | epidermis; cartilage, and cornea |
| 3 types o f capillaries: | continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid |
| Describe continuous capillaries: | only small ions (H20 and ions) and lipid soluble molecules through; prevent proteins and RBCs from escaping lumen** goal= keep stuff in until it needs ot be dropped off |
| Describe fenestrated capillaries: | tiny pores (windows) in endothelial lining; permit fast exchange of water and large solutes |
| What type of capillaries are the most permeable? | sinusoid |
| capillaries are most dense in what areas: | areas that work really hard (high metabolic rate) or filter: liver, kidneys, heart |
| why no capillaries in cartilage? | when you moved, you'd bleed- they're in constant contact with each other |
| why no capillaries in cornea? | things constantly going into them |
| sinusoids allow what to pass through them? | allow RBCs, WBCs, and serum (blood) proteins to pass through them |
| which type of capillary has an incomplete basement membrane? | sinusoid |
| capillary beds are what? | plexuses that connect arterioles to venules |
| capillary beds use what? | microcirculation |
| what is microcirculation? | circulation of the blood in the smallest blood vessels |
| where is microcirculation present? | vasculature embedded within organ tissues |
| venous system contains what percentage of blood in circulation? | 60-65% |
| where does hydrostatic pressure need to win and why? | heart; because you need to be able to push out more O2 than the suction coming back in |
| where does osmotic pressure need to win and why? | veins; because allow proteins and ions (Na) to pull water into the veins |
| Arteriovenous anastomoses | direct connection between arterioles and venules that bypasses the capillary bed |
| vasomotion | contraction and relaxation of capillary sphincters; causes blood flow in capillary beds to constantly change routes |
| angiogenesis | formation of new blood vessels due to hypoxia (like in heart); uses vascular endothelial growth factor |
| 4 things capillaries exchange: | Glucose from liver Calcium from bones Antibodies from immune cells Hormones from endocrine glands |
| 3 mechanisms of capillaries: | diffusion, filtration, osmosis |
| what is the precapillary sphincter: | band of muscle that adjusts blood flow |
| when does the precapillary sphincter open? | during exercise- need more oxygen |
| what are thoroughfare channels? | direct capillary connections between arterioles and venules |
| what are thoroughfare channels controled by? | metarterioles (smooth muscle segments) |
| good way to remember anastomoses: | when tumor has own blood supply; hallmark of cancer |
| which capillary mechanism transports gasses only? | diffusion |
| Ex of diffusion capillary mechanism: | oxygen to tissues and co2 into capillaries |
| what is another name for filtration? | hydrostatic pressure |
| where does hydrostatic pressure occur? | close to arteriole side of capillary beds |
| what does hydrostatic pressure do? | higher pressure in capillaries pushes glucose, amino acids, and plasma out |
| describe osmotic pressure? | attraction of water to rock stars |
| how does blood pressure affect filtration? | if it pushes too hard, you get coffee grounds in the coffee, if it doesn't push hard enough, you don't get any coffee |
| is water organic or inorganic? | inorganic (no carbon) |
| How does the cell use proteins and salts with water? | to regulate it because H20 doesn't care about the cell |
| Albumin exerts what? | colloidal osmotic pressure |
| What is colloidal osmotic pressure? | pressure lets water be attracted to the inside of the vein |
| What is Edema? | Too much water stuck out in the tissues |
| 3 causes of Edema: | Increased capillary filtration Reduced capillary reabsorption Obstructed lymphatic drainage |
| Examples of Increased capillary filtration: | Right sided heart failure Kidney failure Venous Stasis |
| Examples of reduced capillary reabsorption: | Albumin deficiency due to burns or liver disease (albumin made in the liver) |
| Examples of obstructed lymphatic drainage: | Includes surgical removal of lymph due to disease (camcer) |
| What is the celiac artery associated with? | digestion |
| Where do the renal arteries go? | kidneys |
| What artery do you take BP in? | brachial |
| What artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs? | pulmonary artery |
| what vein carries blood from the lungs back to the heart? | pulmonary vein |
| What arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart? | coronary arteries |
| what veins transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right atrium? | coronary veins |
| what vein brings blood from the head back to the heart? | jugular vein |
| what vein brings blood form your arm back to your heart? | subclavian vein |
| what arteries bring oxygenated blood from the heart to the arms? | subclavian artery |
| what arteries carry oxygenated blood to the intestines? | Mesenteric artery |
| what system carries blood from intestines to the liver? | hepatic portal system |
| What arteries supply the legs? | Iliac arteries |
| What veins return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart? | Iliac veins |
| Major artery that supplies blood to head and brain: | carotid |
| giant arteries that run in the iliac fossa: | iliac arteries |
| Where does the femoral artery run? | down into tibia/fibula region (comes off iliac) |
| Internal carotid supplies: | brain |
| External carotid supplies: | face |
| where does vertebral artery go? | through transverse foramen up spine and to brain |
| What two arteries meet in the circle of Willis? | vertebral artery with carotid artery |
| if a patient has a stroke on the left, they're gonna have issues with what? | motor and sensory on the Right side |
| stroke in basilar artery (part of circle of willis) can cause issues with... | motion (pons- cerebellum) |
| vertebral artery feeds what? | base of brain |
| posterior cerebral artery feeds(circle of willis) | motor and sensory areas |
| anterior cerebral artery (circle of willis) stroke causes issues with what: | personality, spatial awareness, planning, memory |
| internal jugular vein is associated with what? | right sided heart failure |
| cephalic vein is associated with what? | on arm and goes to head- put iv fluids in |
| median cubital fossa contains what? | median cubital vein |
| when someone draws blood they're going into what? | median cubital vein and drawing from median cubital fossa |
| where does great saphenous vein run? | down leg |
| which vein can they remove and use for a graft if you need a coronary bypass? | saphenous vein |
| what does the hepatic portal vein? | vein that cleans the blood from the GI system in the liver and sends it to heart |
| where does the hepatic portal system receive blood from? | from capillaries of spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines |
| what does the liver do for the hepatic portal system? | clean blood of glucose and store it as glycogen and cleans blood of toxins such as bacteria and alcohol |
Created by:
smhoffman
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