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KIN 3600
Energy transformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Exercise | the most powerful challenge to homeostasis |
| what do stress proteins do? | prevent cell damage - combat homeostatic disturbances which are in constant repair |
| fatigue | failure to maintain the homeostatic disturbance during exercise |
| Thermodynamic - energetics | General study of energy transformations |
| Bioenergetics | A study of energy transformations in the biological systems - Viruses, bacteria |
| Energy | capacity to do work ( to perform useful work) |
| work | application of force through a direction |
| biological work | any combination of all different types of work performed |
| power | rate of work -measures how fast energy is being transformed chemical to mechanical energy |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | Energy can be neither CREATED or DESTROYED, it can only be converted from one form to another. |
| 2nd law pf thermodynamics | During the process of energy transformation the energy tends to go from the organized state to a state of disorder and randomness. |
| entropy | a random disordered form of energy that cannot be used to do work – usually it is energy that escapes as heat during the process of energy transformation. (∆S) -ALWAYS ESCAPES AS HEAT |
| free energy | the energy that is issued to do work (∆G) |
| enthalpy | total change in energy (∆H) |
| exothermic | out put energy -Heat reaction |
| endothermic | input energy -No energy, system will not take place |
| exergonic reactions | chemical reactions during which energy is liberated |
| endergonic reaction | chemical reactions that will not take place until energy is taken |
| coupled reaction | the energy released during exergonic reactions is used to drive endergonic reactions |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to initiate an exergonic reaction at a fast rate |
| enzymes | Proteins molecules that work as catalysts |
| catalysts | substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| acceleration | the rate of reaction |
| Link | exergonic and endergonic reactions – accelerate to rate of coupled reactions |
| mechanism of action | acts like a lock and key (substrate) -Ex. 1 enzyme = 1 substrate |
| The mechanism of enzymatic action | - Lower the requirement of activation energy - Reduces energy |
| Enzyme characteristics | -Enzymes do not make the reactions to occur -Enzymes are not used up in a reaction -Enzymes cannot alter final outcome of a reaction -Each reaction may be catalyzed only by a specific enzyme |
| substrates | chemical compound that under goes change during enzymatically catalyzed reaction |
| active site | substrate binding site on enzyme |
| allosteric sites | biding sites in enzymes for allosteric regulators (modulators) |
| temperature effect on catalytic | Enzymes are proteins, too high of a temperature can case enzyme to cook/ be eliminated |
| optimum temperature | the temperature at which the catalytic activity of an enzyme is the HIGHEST |
| Q10 Effect | every 10°C ^ in temperature. The enzymes catalytic activity doubles & the rate of the chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes |
Created by:
rmart11
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