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Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Be able to label a skeleton | Websites such as and http://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/WAB/WAB.html for practice. |
| Number of phalanges in upper and lower extremities | In total, there are 56 phalanges in the upper and lower extremities. There are 14 in each hand in foot. Three phalanges being present on each finger and toe. The exceptions are the thumb and large toe, which only contain two. |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of long bones |
| The material in bones that produce red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells is _. | Red marrow |
| The different types of bones | Short bones (ex. tarsals and carpals), long bones (ex. femur and humerus), flat bones (Cranium, ribs, and pelvic girdle), irregular bones (Vertebrae and facial bones), and sesamoid bones (patella). |
| What are Fontanels? | Spaces, or "soft spots," in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs. |
| What are sutures? | Areas where cranial bones have joined together |
| Where do floating ribs connect on the posterior side? | Small costal cartilages within the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. The thoracic vertebrae |
| How many ribs there are of each kind and what are they called? | In total, there are 12 pairs (24 ribs). True Ribs- 7 pairs (attached to the sternum) False Ribs - 3 pairs (2 of them floating). Floating Ribs- 2 pairs |
| What are joints? | Areas where two or more bones join together. |
| Location of each vertebrae and how many there are. | Total # of bones - 26 Cervical (neck and beginning) - 7 Thoracic (chest) - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 1 (5 of them fused to 1) Coccyx - 1 (4 of them fusing to 1) |
| The function of intervertebral disks. | The intervertebral disks separate the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers, permitting bending and twisting. |
| Bursitis | An inflammation of small, fluid - filled sacs surrounding the joints. |
| Comminuted fractures | Comminuted - A break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments. Fractures of this degree happen after high-impacted trauma. |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. |
| Kyphosis | Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. |
| Bones in the axial skeleton | Skull (28 bones + auditory ossicles) Hyoid bone (1 bone) Vertebral column (26 b) Cervical (7 vertebrae) Thoracic (12 vert.) Lumbar (5 vert.) Sacrum (1-5 fused vert.) Coccyx (1-4 fused vert.) Thoracic Cage (25 b) Ribs (24) Sternum (1-3) 80 bones |
| Compound/open fractures | Compound/open - A bone break that pieces or ruptures through the skin |
| Bones in the appendicular skeleton | Pectoral girdle (2 scapulae & 2 clavicle) Upper limbs (1 arm, 2 forearms, & carpals (wrist), 3 phalanges per digit(2 in thumb)-hand Pelvic girdle(2 coxae) Lower limbs(1 thigh,2 legs,7 tarsals(ankle) 5 metacarpals,3 phalanges per digit, (2 in big toe) |
| The 5 functions of the skeletal system | The framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, and storage. |
| How many bones do adults have? | 206 bones |
| What are tendons? | Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that connects muscles to bones. |
| What are ligaments? | Ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone. |
| The shaft of long bones is called... | Diaphysis |
| Rickets | A disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs. |
| Podiatrist | A person who treats feet and their ailments. |
| What is foramina? | An opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone. |
| Bone that forms the elbow is called _. | Ulna |
| Synarthrosis | These joints permit no movement, which is typical of certain fibrous joints. |
| Dislocation | Injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint or other part of the body is disturbed. |
| Sprain | A sprain is an injury to a joint accompanied by stretching or tearing of the ligament. |
| Strain | A strain is an injury caused by excessive stretching, overuse, or misuse of a muscle. |
| Name of the first cervical vertebrae. | Atlas |
| Name of the second cervical vertebrae. | Axis |
| What bones make up the os coxae? | Ilium, ischium, and the pubis. |
| Osteoporosis | A condition in which the bones become weak and brittle. Although there is medication, this condition is unable to be cured. |
| What is a herniated or ruptured disc? | A herniated/ruptured disc is when the whole disk does not rupture or slip, but more likely to cause pain because it generally protrudes farther and is more likely to irritate nerve roots. |
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NataliaO
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