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CIW Lesson 3 Vocab
CIW Lesson 3 Vocab for uCertify
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4G (fourth generation) | Wireless phone network capable of delivering high-speed broadband Internet access to mobile devices. |
| 4G mobile hotspot | A device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speeds. |
| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) | A U.S. Department of Defense agency that created the first global computer network. |
| Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) | A computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as basis for early networking research and was backbone during development of the Internet. |
| backbone | The highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect. |
| bandwidth | The amount of information (aka traffic) that can be carried on a network at one time. The total capacity of a line. Also, rate of data transfer over network connection; measured in bits per second. |
| client | An individual computer connected to a network. a system or app(such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) , used to access files or documents. |
| digital subscriber line (DSL) | A high-speed direct Internet connection that uses all-digital networks. |
| domain name | An IP address represented in words. |
| domain name server | A server that resolves domain names into IP addresses. |
| Domain Name System (DNS) | A system that maps uniquely hierarchical names to specific Internet addresses. |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | An Internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration. |
| fully qualified domain name (FQDN) | The complete domain name of an Internet computer, such as www.CIWcertified.com. |
| gateway | A node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks. |
| hexadecimal | A base-16 # system allows large #s to be displayed by fewer characters than if the # were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In hexadecimal, # 10 is represented as the letter A, 15 is represented as F, and 16 is represented as 10. |
| host | A computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation. |
| hypertext link | Highlighted or underlined text in a Web page that, when clicked, links the user to another location or Web page. |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | The protocol for transporting HTML documents across the Internet. |
| Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) | A communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines. |
| Internet | A worldwide network of interconnected networks. |
| Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) | The international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses. Part of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). |
| Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) | A protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. Similar to POP, but is more powerful. Allows sharing of mailboxes and multiple mail server access. The current version is IMAP4. |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | The data transmission standard for the Internet. Every computer connected to the Internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer. |
| Internet Service Provider (ISP) | An organization that maintains a gateway to the Internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription basis. |
| local area network (LAN) | A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area. |
| modem | Abbreviation for modulator/ demodulator. analog device that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/ analog signals (on sending computer) and then back into digital form (on the receiving computer). |
| National Science Foundation (NSF) | An independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering. |
| network | A group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another. |
| network interface card (NIC) | A circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network. |
| Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) | The Internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles. |
| newsgroup | On Usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose members exchange ideas and opinions. Participants post and receive messages via a news server. |
| node | Any entity on a network that can be managed, such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch or firewall. A computer or other addressable device attached to a network; a host. |
| packet | Data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network. |
| Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) | A protocol that allows a computer to connect to the Internet over a phone line. |
| Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) | A protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to the Internet. |
| root-level server | A server at the highest level of the Domain Name System. |
| router | A device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect separate LANs to form a WAN. |
| server | A computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients. |
| shared domain | A hosting service that allows multiple entities to share portions of the same domain name. |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) | The Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another. |
| standard | A definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization. |
| top-level domain | The group into which a domain is categorized, by common topic (company, educational institution) and/or geography (country, state). |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (ICP/IP) | A suite of protocols that turns data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the Internet. The standard protocol used by the Internet. |
| Usenet (User Network | A collection of thousands of Internet computers, newsgroups and newsgroup members using Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) to exchange information. |
| Virtual Domain | A hosting service that allows a company to host its domain name on a third-party ISP server. |
| Web browser | A software application that enables users to access and view Web pages on the Internet. |
| Web page | An HTML document containing one or more elements (text, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages. |
| Web site | A World Wide Web server and its content; includes multiple Web pages. |
| wide area network (WAN) | A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services. |
| wireless access point (AP) | A device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provided that they are on the same network. |
| World Wide Web (WWW) | A set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the Internet via hypertext documents. |
| xDSL | Collectively, the variations of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which include ADSL, RADSL and HDSL. |
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