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Exercise Physiology
Chapter 2 of AFAA PFT Certification
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Define: Stroke Volume | The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat |
Define: Cardiac Output | The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute HR x SV |
Define: Myocardial Infarction | Heart Attack |
Define: Ischemia | Inadequate blood flow |
Define: Vaneous Return | The amount of blood being returned to the heart by the veins |
Define: Valsalva Maneuver | Holding the breath during exertion |
Define: Minute Ventilation | the total amount of air breathed per minute |
Define: Residual Lung Volume | The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expulsion |
Define: Forced Vital Capacity | The amount of air forcefully exhaled after a maximal inhale |
Define: Total Lung Capacity | Residual Volume + Forced Vital Capacity |
What are the structures of the heart? | Right and Left Atrium (Upper) and Ventricles (Lower) |
Describe the blood flow patterns of the Circulatory System. | Deoxygenated blood enter the Right Atrium --> Right Ventricle --> Lungs (To be oxygenated) --> Left Atrium --> Left Ventricle --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries ==> Venules --> Veins --> Vena Cavae --> Right Atrium |
Describe the structures of the Pulmonary System. | Nose/Mouth --> Larynx --< trachea --> Lungs --> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli --> Alveolar Sacs |
Define: Adenosine Triphosphate | Source of cell's energy |
List the 3 metabolic pathways or energy systems. | The Phosphagen System The Anaerobic Glycolytic System The Aerobic System |
Which energy system uses fat, carbohydrates, and proteins? | The Aerobic System |
Which energy system has a limiting factor of CP? | The Phosphagen system |
List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: Phosphagen System | Olympic Lifting |
List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: Anaerobic Glycolytic System | Sports teams: Soccer, Football, Rugby, Tennis, etc. |
List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: The Aerobic System | Distance Sports (running, walking, cycling), Marathons, and Daily Living |
Define: Glucose | Blood Sugar |
Define: Lactic Acid | Pyruvic Acid broken down without sufficient oxygen |
Define: Glycolysis | The Breakdown of Glucose to Lactic Acid |
Define: Mitochondria | A cell's powerhouse |
Define: Beta Oxidation | The breakdown of fat to Acetyl CoA (to use in the aerobic system) |
Define: Krebs Cycle | Aerobic breakdown of glucose and fat into ATP |
Define: Anaerobic Threshold | when the muscles can no longer produce ATP and rely on Anaerobic Glycolytic Pathways |
Define: Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) | volume of oxygen consumed per minute at the cellular level |
Define: Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) | the body's way of replenishing its oxygen stores after exertion (hyperventilating) |
Describe the Nervous System | Brain, Nerves, and Spine |
Name the (3) types of muscle tissue | 1. Cardiac 2. Smooth 3. Skeletal/Striated |
Name and Describe the (2) major types of muscle fibers. | 1. Slow twitch (Type I, Endurance) 2. Fast Twitch (Type II, Quick to Fatigue) |
What is the Sliding Filament Theory? | The theory that a muscles contract by (2) different tyoes of filament sliding over one another |
Define: Sarcomere | Unit of myofilament |
Define: Actin | Thin filament connected to the Z Line |
Define: Myosin | Thick filament that connects actin fibers |
Define: Motor Unit | One section of muscle that contains a Sarcomere |
Define the function of a Muscle Spindle. | Sends different information to the brain about changes in muscle length and speed at which the changes occur |
Describe the function of the Golgi Tendon Organ | It prevents the body from injury of stopping a muscle's contraction or extension before capacity |