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Chapter 4 Test
SURG1010-Pierce
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of patient is defined as a patient between birth and the age of 18 years old? | Pediatric |
| What is the name for the patient who 28 days old? | Neonate |
| What type of patient is between the ages 2-18 months? | Infant |
| What type of patient is between the ages 19-30 months? | Toddler |
| What type of patient is between the ages 31 months to 5 years? | Preschooler |
| What type of patient is between the ages 6-12 years? | School age |
| What type of patient is between the ages 13-18 years? | Adolescent |
| In pediatric surgery the surgical team is forced to focus on what type of needs? | Physiological |
| What age is at risk for hypothermia, bradycardia and acidosis? | 6 months and younger |
| Suture ridges/fontanels are palpable until what age? | 6 months |
| What fontanel closes by 3 months? | Posterior |
| What fontanel closes by 19 months? | Anterior |
| At what age are pediatric patients able to produce tears? | 2-3 months |
| The auditory tube in pediatric patients are what? | more horizontal, wider, and shorter |
| What sinuses are present at birth? | Ethmoid Maxillary |
| At what age does the frontal sinuses develop? | 7 years |
| What sinus develop after puberty? | Sphenoid |
| What is another name for Sphenoid sinuses? | Craniofacial |
| At what age can pediatric patients start producing saliva? | 3 months |
| What is another name for baby teeth? | Deciduous |
| How many baby teeth do pediatric patients have? | 20 |
| At what age does breast tissue begin to develop? | 9-13 years |
| Infant to 3-4 months are dependent on breathing through what? | Nose |
| Toddlers prefer what type of breathing? | abdominal |
| What is the name for the end of the long bone? | Epiphyses |
| What is another name for the Epiphyses? | Growth Plate |
| What is the name for the shaft of the long bones? | Diaphysis |
| At what age is the epiphyses closed? | 20 years |
| At what age does the tested descent? | 1 year |
| What type of anesthesia is recommended for pediatric patients? | Rapid induction |
| The OR need to be kept __________while the induction of a pediatric patient is taking place. | Quiet |
| What are the critical parameters to monitor for the pediatric patient? | Temperature Urine output Cardiac function Oxygenation |
| Neonates are not usually catharized due to the high risk of what? | trauma to the urethra |
| What artery is most commonly used to monitor cardiac function in neonates? | Umbilical |
| What artery is most commonly used to monitor cardiac function in infants and children? | Radial |
| When there are no cardiac abnormalities a CVA is inserted percutaneously into what vein in older children? | Subclavian or internal jugular |
| When there are no cardiac abnormalities a CVA is inserted into what preferred vein in neonates and infants? | External Jugular |
| How is a patients O2 Sat read? | Pulse oximetry |
| What are the two most common types of shock seen in all patient age groups? | Septic Hypovolemic |
| What type of shock is most commonly seen in infants and children? | Septic |
| What happens to a neonates heart rate when affected by hypovolemic shock? | Bradycardia |
| What happens to an adults heart rate when affected by hypovolemic shock? | Tachycardia |
| What type of shock is caused by a gram negative bacteria ? | Septic |
| In infants what is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock? | Dehydration |
| Quick replacement of fluid and blood is the main treatment for what type of shock? | Hypovolemic |
| The infusion of colloid solutions is the initial treatment for what type of shock? | Septic |
| Why are newborns and infants not able to tolerate dehydration? | Immature kidneys |
| By what day after birth do newborns have the same common aerobic and anaerobic GI bacterial flora that is found in adults? | 10th |
| What is the initial sign of a postoperative infection? | Fever |
| The most common sites of postoperative infection are what? | Lungs Surgical Wound Urinary tract Vasscular access sites |
| What type of medication should not be administered to newborns because it causes kernicterus? | Bactrim or Septra |
| An excess of bilirubin in blood is called what? | Kernicterus |
| What type of medication should not be given to newborns due to the infants skin turning gray from drug toxicity? | Chloramphenicol |
| What is the name of the synthetic form of an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces Venezuela and is associated with the cause of "gray syndrome" | Chloromycetin |
| Bactrim and septra or examples of what type of medication? | Sulfonamides |
| Chloromycetin is an example of what type of medication? | Chloramphenicol |
| What type of medication does not need to be administered to children because it causes staining and hypoplasia of the enamel of developing teeth? | Tetracycline |
| What is the leading cause of death in children age 1-15? | Accidents |
| What is the leading cause of the majority of pediatric morbidity and mortality in children? | Head Trauma |
| What is the major cause of trauma in children? | MVA's |
| What is the first priority in trauma patients? | open airway |
| What is a common response to injury by children? | Hyperventilation |
| What does hyperventilation result in, in children? | Gastric Dilation |
| How is gastric dilation resolved? | NG tube |
| What is the most common bone fractured during birth? | Clavical |
| What is the term for difficult delivery? | Dystocia |
| What is formed due to birth trauma and the injury of the sternocleidomastoid muscle? | Torticollis |
| A patient whose body weight is 100 pounds greater than ideal body weight is considered what? | Obese |
| What type of instruments should be used for obese patients? | Long and Deep |
| What is bariatric surgery? | Weight loss Surgery |
| When doing bariatric surgery the patient should be placed in what position to expand the lung volume and aid in ventilation. | Reverse Trendelenburg |
| What position has the patients head up and feet down? | Reverse Trendelenburg |
| What type of device should be placed on the patients legs to prevent a DVT while in reverse Trendelenburg? | SCD's |
| What are the three most common complications after gastric bypass surgery? | Abdominal catastrophes Internal Hernia Acute gastric distention |
| Gastric Bypass patients are at an increased risk for what? | Internal hernia Volvulus |
| What type of arthritis is common in the back, hips and knees of obese patients? | Osteoarthritis |
| What hormone aids the conversion of sugars and carbohydrates into molecules that can be used by the body? | Insulin |
| What type of endocrine disorder affects the pancreatic production of insulin and glucose tolerance in the body? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Type one diabetes is what type of diabetes mellitus? | IDDM |
| What does IDDM stand for? | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| Type two diabetes is what type of diabetes mellitus? | NIDDMN |
| What does NIDDM stand for? | Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus |
| What type of diabetes is when the pancreas produces little or no insulin? | Type 1 |
| What type of diabetes is when the pancreas produces different amounts of insulin? | Type 2 |
| What type of meter is used to measure the blood glucose level of a patient? | Glucometer |
| What type of stockings are put on Diabetic patients to prevent thromboembolism? | antiembolic |
| What type of operative intervention is done for emergencies such as an ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, trauma, injury or incompetent cervix in pregnant women? | Immediate |
| What type of operative intervention is done for surgical procedures that are delayed until after the second or third trimester? | Urgent |
| What type of operative intervention is done for pregnant women that are defiantly delayed until after the delivery and the mother has recovered? | Elective |
| What are the three types of operative intervention for pregnant patients? | Immediate Urgent Elective |
| What trimester are abdominal procedures best performed in pregnant patients? | Second Trimester |
| What are the two most common no obstetric emergencies in the pregnant patient? | Appendicitis Cholecystitis |
| What are the three important items to remember when giving pregnant patients general anesthesia? | Preterm labor Fetal Death Low birth weight |
| What type of anesthesia is recommended for pregnant patients? | short-acting |
| What is the most important consideration in the delivery of anesthetic agents in the pregnant patients? | prevent preterm labor |
| The CST should have the instrumentation, supplies and equipment immediately available in the event what type of surgery should be performed in pregnant patients? | Cesarean Section |
| What is the degree of function of an immune system that is designed to keep a patient free from infection by pathogens? | Immunocompetence |
| A patient with aids have tested positive for what? | HIV |
| Individuals that are over the age of 65 are considered a ___________ patient. | Geriatric |
| Geriatric patients are over the age of ________. | 65 |
| What Trauma level center has 2 or more trauma OR's and has 24-hr Traumas? | 1 |
| What trauma level center treats the severely injured but does not have level one resources? | 2 |
| What trauma level center offers limited care? | 3 |
| What trauma level center provides advanced trauma life support and is responsible for stabilizing the patient to get them to a lower level trauma center? | 4 |
| What syndrome is caused from drug toxicity and can result in the appearance of gray skin? | Grays syndrome |
| What are the two main postoperative complications of obese patients? | Evisceration Wound Dehiscence |
| What is the term for the twisting of the bowel? | volvulus |
| What is the term for telescoping of the bowel? | Intussusception |
| What are some examples of Immunocompromised diseases? | Multiple sclerosis RA Lupus |
| What is the term for venous compression boots? | SCD's |
| Patients 6 months or younger lack the ability to _________. | Shiver |
| What organ is larger in infants? | Liver |
| What is the mechanism of injury? | Kinematics |
| What type of shock intensifies the effects of acidosis? | Hypothermia |
| What is the hour that trauma patients must be treated? | Golden Hour |
| The golden hour is _____hour from the time of the injury. | One |
| What organ is commonly injured in MVA's? | Spleen |
| What syndrome is caused by chloromycetin? | Grays |
| What uses the Glasgow coma scale? | RTS |
| What does RTS stand for? | Revised Trauma Score |
| What type of mask is needed for airborne and droplet patients? | N95 |
| What type of evidence must be carefully handled and can not be picked up with any type of metal instrument? | Bullet |
Created by:
lmlayton
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