Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid | The nucleic acid found in all living cells carries the organism's hereditary information |
| RNA - Ribonucleic Acid | The nucleic acid that contains ribose; acts in the protein synthesis |
| Nucleic Acids | Class of organic molecules that includes RNA and DNA |
| Nucleotides | Building blocks of nucleic acids |
| Enzymes | Substances formed by living cells that act as a catalysts in bodily chemical reactions |
| Catalyst | A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product or being changed itself |
| Functional Proteins | Proteins that play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes = rather than just forming structures |
| Active Site | The specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place or where chemical reaction occurs |
| Fibrous Proteins | A strandlike protein that appears most often in body structures. They are very important in binding structures together and for providing strength in certain body tissues |
| Structural Proteins | Typically long and thin, and hense the name FIBROUS ; water-insoluble |
| Globular Proteins | Spherical (globe-like) proteins ; somewhat water-soluble |
| Proteins | A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material in cells |
| Amino Acids | Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the building block of protein |
| Steroids | A specific group of chemical substances including certain hormones and cholesterol |
| Cholesterol | A steroid found in animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver |
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids | a class of essential fatty acids found in fish oils that acts to lower the levels of cholesterol and LDL in the blood |
| Phospholipids | A modified triglyceride containing phosphorus |
| Polyunsaturated | Of or relating to long-chain carbon compounds, especially fatty acids, having two or more double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| Trans Fats | An unsaturated fatty acid molecule that contains a trans double bond between carbons atoms which makes the molecule kinked; also know as trans fatty acid |
| Glycerol | A sugar alcohol , one of the building blocks of fats |
| Saturated | Atoms are linked by single bonds |
| Neutral Fats | Produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol |
| Fatty Acids | A building block of fats |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Process by which a larger molecule is synthesized from smaller ones by removal of water molecule at each site of bond formation |
| Disaccharide | A Double sugar; ex: sucrose and lactose |
| Glucose | The principal sugar in the blood; a monosaccharide |
| Buffers | Substances that help to stabilize the pH of a solution |
| Inorganic Compounds | A compound that lacks carbon (ex: water) |
| Water | A chemical compound that consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom |
| Salt | Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water |
| Organic Compounds | A compound containing carbon (EX: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) |
| Hydrolysis | The process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles |
| Polysaccharides | Literally means sugars; a polymer of linked monosaccharides (EX: starch and glycogen) |
| Mechanical Energy | Energy form directly involved in putting matter into motion |
| Radiant Energy | Energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes heat, light, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves and other forms |
| Chemical Energy | Energy form stored in chemical bonds |
| Electrical Energy | Energy form resulting from the movement of charged particles |
| Radioactivity | The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable |
| Molecules | A particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | Energy which an object has because of its position; stored energy |
| Lipids | Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; ex: fats and cholesterol |
| Triglycerides | Compounds composed of fatty acids and glycerol; fats and oils also called neutral fats |
| Proton Acceptors | A base; a base is a negatively charged ion that will react with or accept a positively charged hydrogen ion. Since a hydrogen ion is a proton, the base is called ____________ |
| Neutralization Reaction | A chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base; |
| Electrolytes | A substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conduction an electric current |
| Acids | A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution |
| Proton Donors | An acid; acids are substances that can donate ions to bases. Since a hydrogen atom is a proton and one electron, an ion is just a proton |
| Bases | A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor |
| Ions | An atom with a positive or negative electric charge |
| Covalent Bonds | A bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Valence Shell | The outermost energy level of an atom that contains electrons; the electrons here determine the bonding behavior of the atom |
| Ionic Bonds | Bond formed by the complete transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another (or others). The resulting charged atoms, or ions, are oppositely charged and attract each other |
| Hydrogen Bonds | A weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms. An important intramolecular bond. |
| Synthesis Reactions | Chemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from simpler ones. |
| Elements | Any of the building blocks of matter; EX: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon |
| Periodic Table | A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number so that elements with similar atomic structure appear in vertical columns |
| Isotopes | Different atomic form of the same element. Vary only in the number of neutrons they contain. |
| Radioisotopes | Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior |
| Orbital Model | Depicts the general location of the electrons outside the nucleus as a haze of negative charge referred to as the electron cloud. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom |
| Electrons | Negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus |
| Planetary Model | Miniature solar system where the protons and neutrons are clustered at the center of the atom in the atomic nucleus |
| Protons | Subatomic particle that bears a positive charge, located in the atomic nucleus |
| Neutrons | Uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus |
| Atoms | The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means |
| Atomic Symbol | A one- or two-letter symbol indicating a particular element |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Atomic Mass | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Weight | The average of the mass numbers of all of the isotopes of an element |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | The compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | an organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups; converts to ATP for the storage of energy during cell metabolism |
| Compound | Substance composed of two or more different elements, that atoms of which are chemically united |
| Electron Shells or Energy Levels | An orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus |
| Unsaturated | A molecule that contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds; |
| Monounsaturated | Of or relating to an organic compound, especially an oil or fatty acid, containing only one double or triple bond per molecule |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose |
| Monosaccharide | Literally one sugar; the building block of carbohydrates; EX: glucose and fructose |
| Decomposition Reactions | A destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones |
| Exchange Reactions | A chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms become combined with different atoms |
| Unsaturated | Contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds |
| pH | The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| Unsaturated Solution | A more dilute solution |
| Saturated Solution | A more concentrated solution |
Created by:
SarahDishman
Popular Physiology sets