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CT Intro (Unit
Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) | Coding system that computers of all types and brands can translate |
| Application Software | Also called productivity software; helps you perform a specific task, such as word processing or spreadsheets. |
| Bit | In binary, a bit represents a zero or one. |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | Also known as the microprocessor; the brains of the computer. |
| Computer | Electronic device that receives data, processed data, and produces a result. |
| File Extension | The part of the filename that comes after the period called a “dot” |
| Folder | A way to organize files into manageable groups |
| Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) | Operating systems with symbols representing files, programs, and documents |
| Hardware | The tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched. |
| Icons | Graphic images or symbols that represent applications (programs), files, disk drives, documents, embedded objects, or linked objects. |
| Input devices | Enable the user to input data and commands into the computer. |
| Mainframe computers | Large, powerful computers that are used for centralized storage, processing, and management of very large amounts of data. |
| Maximize | To enlarge a window on the computer to fill the computer screen. |
| Menu bar | The horizontal bar near the top of a window that lists the different types of menus to choose from when working with the documents. |
| Microcomputer | Sometimes called a personal computer; used at home or at the office by one person; can fit on top or under a desk. |
| Microprocessor | An integrated circuit silicon chip that contains the processing unit for a computer or a computerized appliance. |
| Microsoft’s Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) | Originally introduced with the IBM PC in 1981. |
| Minicomputer | Type of computer that is designed to serve multiple users and process significant amounts of data; larger than a microcomputer, but smaller than a mainframe. |
| Minimize | To reduce a window on the screen to a button on the task bar |
| Motherboard | A circuit board that contains all of the computer system’s main components. |
| Network | Connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices. |
| Operating systems | Systems software that provide an interface between the user or application program and the computer hardware. |
| Output devices | Enable the computer to give you the results of the processed data. |
| Plug and play | Technology that allows a hardware component to be attached to a computer so that it is automatically configured by the operating system. |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | Where instructions and data are stored on a temporary basis; this memory is volatile. |
| Read-Only Memory (ROM) | Permanent storage; instructions are burned onto chips by manufacturer. |
| Restore | To return a maximized window to its previous size. |
| Scroll bar | Band on the right side or bottom of a window that you click to bring different parts of a document into view. |
| Software | Intangible set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. |
| Supercomputers | Largest and fastest computers, capable of storing and processing tremendous volumes of data. |
| Systems software | A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources and operations of a computer system. |
| Taskbar | The horizontal band at the bottom of the desktop that includes the Start button, minimized window buttons, and a row of icons usually related to input and output devices. |
| Technology | The application of scientific discoveries to the production of goods and services that improve the human environment. |
| Title bar | The horizontal band in a window that displays the name of the program, data file, or another type of window. |
| Toolbar | A band near the top in a window that has groups’ icons or buttons that will execute certain commands when clicked. |
| Troubleshooting | Analyzing problems to correct faults in the system. |
| Universal Serial Bus (USB) | Standard for computer ports that support data transfer rates of up to 12 million bits per second. |
| Utility software | Systems software that perform tasks related to managing the computer’s resources, file management, diagnostics, and other specialized chores. |
| Virus | A computer program that is written to cause corruption of data. |
| Window | Rectangular area of the screen used to display a program, data, or other information |
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