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Shoulder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Components of the Humerus include: | Humoral head, greater tubercle, leader tubercle, bicipital groove, deltoid tuberosity |
| What compresses the humeral head | Supraspinatus muscle |
| What depresses the humeral head during overhead motion | Rotator cuff muscles |
| Muscles of the Rotator Cuff | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor |
| Initial 30° of GH ABD that does not include scapular motion is called what? | The setting phase |
| After the initial 30° of GH ABD, what is the ratio between GH and scapulothoracic joint motion? | 2:1 |
| Movement of the scapula relative to the humerus is called what? | Scapulohumeral Rhythm |
| FOOSH, fall on tip of shoulder or direct impact, occurs primarily in middle third (Greenstick in young patients) | Etiology of Clavicular Fractures |
| Presents w/ supporting of arm, head tilted towards injured side w/ chin turned away, clavicle May appear lower, palpation reveals swelling, deformity, and point tenderness, sling & swathe w/ brace for 6-8 wks to manage | S & S of Clavicular Fractures |
| Result of direct impact or force transmitted up thru humerus | Etiology of Scapular Fractures |
| Pain during shoulder movement, swelling, and point tenderness | S & S of Scapular Fractures |
| Result of direct blow or FOOSH (shaft); direct blow, dislocation, FOOSH, or indirect blow traveling along long axis (proximal) - may pose danger to nerve & blood supply | Etiology of Humeral Fractures |
| Main Vascular Arteries of Shoulder | Subclavian, Axillary, Brachial |
| Immediate application of splint, treat for shock, and refer | Management of Humeral Fractures |
| Humeral Shaft Fracture - remove from activity for? | 3-4 months |
| Proximal Humeral Fracture - incapacitation for? | 2-6 months |
| Epiphyses Humeral Fracture - quick healing takes how long? | 3 weeks |
| Indirect force, blunt trauma (may cause displacement) | Etiology of a Sternoclavicular Sprain |
| Grade I - pn & slight disability; Grade II - pn, subluxation w/ deformity, swelling, point tenderness, decreased ROM; Grade III - gross deformity (dislocation), pn, swelling, decreased ROM, possibly life threatening if dislocated posteriorly | S & S of Sternoclavicular Sprain |
| Result of direct blow (from any direction), upward force from humerus | Etiology of an Acromioclavicular Sprain |
| Grades I - VI from pn w/ mvmt & point tenderness to displacement of clavicle behind coracobrachialis | S & S of an Acromioclavicular sprain |
| Excessive translation of humeral head w/out complete separation from joint | Etiology of Acute Shoulder Subluxation |
| Anterior - result of ant force on shoulder, forced ABD & ER; Posterior - result of forced ADD & IR or falling on a shoulder that is ext & IR | Etiology of Acute Shoulder Dislocations |
| Flattened Deltoid, prominent humeral head in axilla; arm carried in slight ABD &ER; mod pn & disability | S & S of Anterior-Inferior Shoulder Dislocation |
| Permanent anterior defect of shoulder labrum | Bankart Lesion |
| Caused by compression of cancellous bone against anterior glenoid rim creating a divot in the humeral head | Hill Sachs Lesion |
| Defect in superior labrum that begins posteriorly and extends anteriorly impacting attachment of long head of biceps on labrum | SLAP Lesion (superior labral anterior posterior) |
| Clicking or pain; dead arm during cocking phase (when throwing); pain posteriorly, possible impingement; positive apprehension test | S & S of Anterior Shoulder Instability |
| Possible impingement; loss of IR; crepitation; increased laxity; pain anteriorly & posteriorly | S & S of Posterior Shoulder Instability |
| Inferior laxity; positive sulcus sign; pain and clicking w/ arm at side | S & S of Multidirectional Shoulder Instability |
| Treatment for chronic instability involves extensive strengthening of what? (Multi-directional too) | Rotator cuff & scap stabilizers; multi - IR, ER, & biceps |
| Mechanical compression of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and biceps long head tendon due to decreased space under CA arch; rep activities; exacerbating factors - laxity & inflam, postural malalignments (kyphosis, rounded shoulders) | Etiology of Shoulder Impingement |
| Diffuse pain, pn on subacromial space; increased GH ER (ERG) and decreased IR (GIRD) in overhead athletes | S & S of Shoulder Impingement |
| Occurs near insertion in greater tuberosity; partial or complete tear; primary mechanism - acute trauma or impingement; involve supraspinatus or rupture of other rotator cuff tendons; Neer Stages I - IV | Rotator Cuff Tear |
| Abnormal movement of of the scapula, due to rep use (often OH athletes), changes are detrimental to normal function & increase risk of injury; SICK scapula | Etiology of Scapular Dyskinesis |
| What does SICK scapula stand for? | Scapular malposition, Inferior medial scapular winging, Coracoid tenderness, Kinesis abnormalities if the scapula |
| Affected shoulder held lower & rolled fwd; prominent inf scap border due to tight pec major/minor, weak serratus anterior/low trap; post tipping contribute to narrowing of subacromial space & pn w/ ABD & ER; winging becomes more pronounced w/ fatigue (imp | S & S of Scapular Dyskinesis |
| Chronic inflammatory condition due to trauma or overuse - subacromial bursa; fibrosis, fluid build-up resulting in constant inflammation | Shoulder Bursitis |
| Contracted & thickened jt capsule w/ little synovial fluid, chronic inflammation w/ contracted inelastic rotator cuff muscles, generalized pain w/ motions (active & passive) resulting in resistance of mvmt | Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) |
| Compression of brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and vein due to: 1) decreased space b/n clavicle & 1st rib 2) scalene compression 3) compression by pec minor 4) presence of cervical rib | Etiology of Thoracic Outlet Compression |
| Paresthesia and pain, sensation of cold, impaired circulation, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy & radial nerve palsy | S & S of Thoracic Outlet Compression |
| Result of a powerful contraction, occurs near origin of muscle at bicipital groove, hear snap & feel sudden intense pain | Biceps Brachii Rupture |
| Repetitive OH ballistic activity that stretches biceps tendon causing irritation to tendon & sheath | Etiology of BicipitalTenosynovitis |
| Tenderness over bicipital groove, swelling, crepitus due to inflammation, pain with OH activities | S & S of Bicipital Tenosynovitis |
| Blunt trauma or stretch-type injury; constant pain, muscle weakness, and paralysis or atrophy | Peripheral Nerve Injuries |
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