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AST Cert Exam #7
AST Cert Exam #7 - bonus science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the condition when the foreskin of the penis cannot be retracted to normal position? | phimosis |
| What shape are bacilli? | rod-shaped |
| What type of stapling device is used to perform low anterior anastomosis? | EEA |
| Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight" response? | sympathetic - physiologic response to danger |
| Surgical puncture of the joint space with a needle for synovial fluid drainage is called? | arthrocentesis |
| Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes: | acromagaly |
| Oopherectomy is the surgical removal of the: | ovary |
| What term refers to voluntary skeletal muscle? | striated |
| The suffix "-pexy" means: | fixation, to put in place |
| Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body? | axon |
| The prefix "pseudo-" means: | false |
| Disruption of previously sutured tissue layers is: | dehiscence |
| An inanimate object upon which pathogens may be conveyed is referred to as a: | fomite |
| The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics is: | estrogen |
| Which muscle is not a component of the rotator cuff of the shoulder? | trapezius |
| A foreign substance that stimulates the production of antibodies is an: | antigen |
| The suffix "-lysis" means: | breakdown, destruction |
| Diatrizoate megulmine (Hypaque or Renografin) or Iothalamute meglumine (Conray) are examples of: | contrast media |
| The small intestine is divided into how many sections? | 3 |
| Epidural anesthesia involves the administration of an anesthetic agent into the space surrounding the: | dura mater |
| What is an action of antimicrobials? | inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis |
| The anatomical landmark located at the proximal, lateral portion of the femoral shaft is the: | greater trochanter |
| The primary stabilizing ligament of the knee which is attached to the posterior lateral: | anterior cruciate |
| What type of bone are carpal bones? | short |
| The electrical component of the heart that causes contraction of the ventricles are the: | Purkinje fibers |
| The prefix "para-" means: | near, beside |
| The prefix "peri-" means: | surrounding |
| A direct or indirect inguinal hernia indicates a tear in: | transversalis fascia |
| The bending of the foot downward at the ankle joint is called: | plantar flexion |
| Which vertebrae have ribs attached? | thoracic |
| Which organ produces bile? | liver |
| What describes spherically shaped bacteria? | cocci |
| Lack of control over urination is called: | incontinence |
| What agent is used to perform an intraoperative cholangiogram? | Hypaque |
| What does the thymus gland produce for the immune response? | T-cells |
| Which cranial nerve arises from the medulla and innervates the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions? | X - Vagus |
| The total number of vertebrae in the adult is: | 26 |
| The medical term for the chest is: | thorax |
| Cholecystectomy is removal of the: | gallbladder |
| What are the cells of the bone? | osteocytes |
| What is the medical term for the calf muscle? | gastrocnemius |
| The suffix "-malacia" refers to: | softening |
| For which tissue type would a cutting needle be contraindicated? | intestine |
| Which would affect normal wound healing? | peripheral vascular disease |
| The nuclear material of the bacterial cell has been found to: | exist as a single molecule of DNA |
| Escherichia coli is normally present inside which anatomical structure? | colon |
| Which nerves innervates the breast? | anterior thorax |
| In which fossa is the cerebellum located? | posterior |
| Omnipaque, a water soluble iodine-based contrast medium is used for: | angiography |
| Tetanus and botulism are caused by organisms of the genus: | clostridium |
| Which is a phase of first intention wound healing? | maturation |
| Which sutures is a polyester fiber suture? | Ethibond |
| Growth in long bones occurs at the: | epiphyseal plate |
| Air in the pleural cavity is: | pneumothorax |
| The initial result of fertilization of gametes is a: | zygote |
| The thorax is formed posteriorly by the: | twelve thoracic vertebrae |
| The seventh cranial nerve is called the: | facial |
| What does the term cephalalgia mean? | headache |
| The prefix "brady-" means: | slow |
| Which is a parenteral route of drug administration? | intravenous |
| Misalignment or deviation of the eye is: | strabismus |
| Following administration, most of the drugs are converted to less active or inactive substances called: | metabolites |
| Hemorrhaging that occurs between the skull and outer meningeal covering is an: | epidural hematoma |
| If a suture strand hangs or extends over the sterile table edge, the CST in the scrub role should: | consider the suture contaminated and discard it |
| The term "pharmacodynamics" means: | interactions between drugs and target cells |
| A relationship between two kinds of organisms that live together for mutual benefit is called: | mutualism |
| Hemostasis means to: | arrest blood flow |
| What type of tissue is cartilage? | connective |
| Heparin is classified as an: | anticoagulant |
| Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord is a: | varicocele |
| RBC are also known as: | erythrocytes |
| The standard volume for an Asepto syringe is approximately: | 120 cc |
| In which processes does destruction of spores occur? | sterilization |
| Which systemic condition affects the ophthalmic system? | diabetes |
| The pectoral girdle is formed by the: | scapula and clavicle |
| Tubercle bacillus is found in the: | respiratory tract |
| Which bones does not articulate with another bone? | hyoid |
| The adrenal cortex secretes: | hormones |
| Rickettsial diseases of humans are transmitted by: | tick bite |
| Antibiotics are commonly administered intraoperatively by what route? | intravenous |
| The scroll-like ridges on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are called the: | nasal conchae |
| What drug is added to a local anesthetic to decrease bleeding? | epinephrine |
| Inherited deficiencies of coagulation in which bleeding occurs spontaneously after minor trauma is called: | hemophilia |
| When an anesthetized patient's position is changed from Trandelenberg to dorsal recumbent, he/she should be moved slowly to prevent: | circulatory depression |
| The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and pharynx is the: | glossopharyngeal |
| Cefazolin (Ancef) is an: | antibiotic |
| All are inhalation agents except: | atropine |
| Bolsters are used with retention sutures to: | prevent skin lacerations |
| Pulse oximetry involves the noninvasive measurement of what arterial blood saturation levels? | oxygen |
| Which bone of the skull is most superior? | parietal |
| A dissociative drug that produces a short-term, trance-like state and hallucinations is: | Ketamine (Ketalar) |
| Which is a commonly used type of anesthesia for obstetric and perineal procedures? | epidural |
| The basic unit of length in the metric system is the: | meter |
| The process by which leukocytes engulf and destroy bacteria is called: | phagocytosis |
| The motor-sensory cranial nerve that innervates the tongue is the: | hypoglossal |
| Which is a type of degenerative joint disease? | osteoarthritis |
| The accumulation of CSF in the brain of children is known as: | hydrocephalus |
| A thick-walled, highly resistant body formed within a bacterial cell is a: | spore |
| The C-shaped rings of the trachea are composed of: | cartilage |
| An enzyme extracted from bovine blood that is used as a topical hemostatic agent is: | thrombin |
| The 126 bones that compose the upper and lower extremities of the body are called the: | appendicular skeleton |
| The absorption of a drug depends upon all of the following except: | time of day when the drug is given |
| An angulated fracture of the distal radius is a: | Colles' |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | I - Olfactory |
| What is the purpose of the surgical hand scrub? | reduce the microbial count |
| The end of a long bone is the: | epiphysis |
| A combining form meaning "kidney" is: | ren/o |
| The tail-like distal fibers of the spinal cord form the: | cauda equina |
| What is an external mechanical method of hemostasis? | pneumatic tourniquet |
| The dilation of the arterial wall is called: | aneurysm |
| Organisms that are highly resistant to destruction and can survive a harsh environment are: | spores |
| The suffix "-rrhea" means: | flow, discharge |
| Where are the malleus, incus and stapes located? | middle ear |
| A miotic drug is: | Pilocarpine |
| Neurons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain are called: | afferent - sensory |
| A microscopic blood exam that estimates the percentages of each type of WBC within a sample is: | differential blood count |
| Which natural suture is treated with a salt solution to decrease the rate of absorption? | chromic gut |
| When the vertebral column develops an abnormal lateral curve, the condition is: | scoliosis |
| Which statement concerning sterile technique is false: | an opened sterile bottle of saline or water may be recapped carefully |
| Multiplication of a cell into two separate cells is: | binary fission |
| The rounded portion of the uterus superior to the uterine tubes is: | fundus |
| Which medications inhibits blood coagulation? | Warfarin |
| A drug used to reverse the effect of muscle relaxants is: | Prostigmin |
| The major difference between procaryotic cells and eucaryotic cells is: | eucaryotic cells have a well-defined nuclear membrane whereas procaryotic cells have no true nucleus |
| The inner lining of the heart is: | endocardium |
| Which of the following conditions exists if a patient has a WBC count of 12,500? | infection |
| What is the function of hemoglobin? | carry oxygen |
| Which is an electrical recording of heart activity? | electrocardiogram |
| The primary mode of airborne bacteria in the operating room is the: | surgical team |
| Which is a salivary gland? | parotid |
| Which virus is the precursor to AIDS? | HIV |
| Which is not an action of stapling devices? | retract |
| The acromion process is part of which bone? | scapula |
| What term means the rupture of a wound with protrusion of abdominal contents? | evisceration |
| The thick, crescent-shaped pads of cartilage that rest on the upper articular surface of the tibia are the: | menisci |
| Which portion of the sterile gown is considered non-sterile once it has been donned? | axillary region |
| How many millimeters does one meter equal? | 1,000 |
| The heel bone of the foot is called the: | calcaneus |
| The shaft of a bone is known as the: | diaphysis |
| A virus that infects a bacterial cell is called a: | bacteriophage |
| Another name for spongy bone is: | cancellous |
| Which suture size would be used for ophthalmic procedures? | 8-0 |
| The true ribs articulate anteriorly with the: | sternum |
| The suffix "-trophy" means: | development, nourishment |
| Which intention of healing occurs in a wound with a large loss of tissue? | second - granulation |
| Which class of surgical wound has the highest rate of infection? | IV - dirty/infected |
| Atrophy means: | wasting away |
| Which type of anaerobic bacteria is the cause of gas gangrene? | Clostridium perfringens |
| What is the pharmacological classification of Furosemide? | diuretic |
| Which has the highest tensile strength but poor handling qualities? | stainless steel |
| Lasix is a: | diuretic |
| The ability of a microbe to move by itself can be provided by: | cilia |
| The most common side effects of drugs include all except: | hemorrhage and edema |
| The arousal from general anesthesia after cessation of the anesthetic agent is called: | emergence |
| What is another name for a stick tie? | suture ligature |
| Childbirth labor may be induced by: | Oxytocin - Pitocin |
| The finger-like projections on the end of the fallopian tubes are: | fimbriae |
| Which of the following is a "basic right" for correct drug handling? | drug and dosage |
| Which is a seminal tract accessory gland that surrounds the urethra? | prostate |
| Agar is an: | agent used to solidify growth media in the microbiology laboratory |
| What is the trade name for polyglactin 910? | Vicryl |
| The prefix that means "above" or "upon" is: | epi- |
| A tendon is defined as a structure that attaches: | muscle to bone |
| The upper portion of the stomach is called the: | fundus |
| Which type of needle point would be selected for use on tendon or skin? | cutting |
| The left coronary artery divides into the: | anterior interventricular and circumflex |
| Where does the exchange of gases take place in the lungs? | alveoli |
| One of the distinguishing features of viruses is that they are: | obligate intracellular parasites |
| Which would have a positive effect on wound healing? | early ambulation |
| Which is a hypertrophic scar formation? | keloid |
| Where is CSF formed? | choroid plexuses |
| Which artery supplies blood to the brain? | carotid |
| The pre-op medication used to neutralize stomach acidity is: | sodium citrate (Bi-Citra) |
| Which are procaryotic? | bacteria |
| Which is a passive drain that allows fluid to exit by capillary action? | penrose |
| The colon ends at the: | anal canal |
| Which is a narcotic antagonist? | naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) |
| The combining form meaning "gland" is: | aden/o |
| Which ligament suspends the uterus? | broad |
| Which type of scar formation is considered hypertrophic? | keloid |
| Diuretics are used intraoperatively to: | decrease intracranial pressure |
| The type of surgical laser is determined by its: | active medium |
| What does the prefix "contra-" mean? | against, opposite |
| The brain contains how many ventricles? | 4 |
| The anatomical structure that creates CSF is the: | choroid plexuses |
| Which salivary gland is drained by Stensen's duct | parotid |
| The type of fracture that is caused by forcing one bone upon another is: | impacted |
| Irregular shaped bones that develop in the sutures of the skull are called: | wormian - sutural |
| Which term refers to the end of a bone: | epiphysis |
| Which is the most inert in tissue? | polypropylene |
| Immediately after receiving a medication, the CST should: | label the medication |
| What classification is a Bake surgical instrument? | dilating |
| The wavelength of laser light: | ranges from infrared to deep UV |
| Which laser should not be used in the presence of clear fluids? | CO2 |
| The abnormal enlargement of male breasts is called: | gynecomastia |
| What is the classification of Surgilon? | synthetic nonabsorbable multifilament |
| The inferior portion of the brain stem is the: | medulla |
| In which surgical procedure would blunt needles be used? | liver resection |
| The second cervical vertebra is called the: | axis |
| The largest ball-and-socket joint is the: | hip |
| What does the suffix "-otomy" mean? | incision |
| The inner most layer of the eye is: | retina |
| The colon begins at the: | cecum |
| Which of the following makes up the inner tunic of the eye and receives images? | retina |
| An example of a flat bone is the: | cranial |
| Laser light travels: | in a straight line |
| What is the primary function of the Islets of Langerhans? | maintain blood sugar level |
| 1 cc of solution is equivalent to: | 1 mL |
| What does the abbreviation NPO mean? | nothing by mouth |
| The prefix "hemi-" means: | half |
| A solid granular mass that develops on the ovary after the release of an ovum is the: | corpus luteum |
| Muscle is attached to bone by: | tendon |
| Which is a monofilament nonabsorbable suture? | prolene |
| The abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the underside of the penis is referred to as: | hypospadias |
| Which medication does not inhibit blood coagulation? | calcium |
| A patient with indirect and direct hernia has what type of hernia? | pantaloon |
| What degrees is 98.6 F equal to in Celsius? | 37 deg. C |
| Which is a large vein that drains the head? | jugular |
| The smallest microorganisms known are: | viruses |
| Which is the outer layer of the colon? | serosa |
| Which structure is found in the ventricles of the heart? | papillary muscles |
| Microfibrillar collagen (Avitene) is a: | hemostatic agent |
| A curved, tapered surgical needle is used most often on what type of tissue? | intestine |
| What is the pharmacological action of hydrocortisone? | anti-inflammatory |
| The passage of fluid and dissolved material into the thin membrane of a cell wall is: | osmosis |
| The suffix that refers to suturing is: | -rrhaphy |
| Which combining form means "eyelid"? | blephar/o |
| Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria is known as: | endocarditis |
| What portion of the backtable is considered sterile once the sterile field has been established? | only the top |
| Which laser beam can travel through clear tissues without heating them? | argon |
| The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the: | isthmus |
| The used of silk suture in urinary and bilary tract may result in: | calculi |
| Which nerve is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome? | median |
| Which division of the nervous system controls involuntary muscle contractions? | autonomic |
| Which gland regulates body temperature? | hypothalamus |
| Which two drug classifications are combined to produce neuroleptanalgesia? | tranquilizer and narcotic |
| Removal of necrotic tissue is called: | debridement |
| Cramp-like pains in the lower leg caused by poor blood circulation to the lower leg muscles is called: | claudication |
| The gram stain differentiates between: | bacteria |
| When opening an envelope-folded wrapper containing a sterile item the first flap is opened: | away from self |
| Which nasal sinus is entered through an eyebrow incision? | frontal |
| Craniosynostosis is a: | premature closure of cranial sutures |
| Which joints permits movement in only one plane? | hinge |
| Hepatomegaly is: | enlarged liver |
| What is the general rule for prepping a contaminated area: | prep the surrounding area first and the contaminated area last, using a separate sponge |
| The kneecap is also known as the: | patella |
| Topical administration of drugs includes all except: | parenteral |
| Which quadrant is the appendix located? | right lower |
| Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen are: | plasma proteins |
| A projection on the surface of a bone located above a condyle is called: | epicondyle |
| The peripheral nervous system contains: | cranial and spinal nerves |
| The olecranon process is part of which bone? | ulna |
| The vertebrae are examples of what type of bone? | irregular |
| Which medical term refers to the skin? | integumentary |
| Retinal detachment is due to: | leakage of liquid from vitreous cavity |
| Softening of bone is called: | osteomalacia |
| Which of the following refers to the ability of the body to maintain a normal internal environment? | homeostasis |
| Which is used to perform Schiller's test? | Lugol's solution |
| The roof of the mouth is called the: | palate |
| Which chemical hemostatic agent must never be injected? | thrombin |
| What pathological term refers to failure of the lower esophageal muscles to relax? | achalasia - cardiospasm |
| What does the suffix "-stasis" mean? | stopping, standing still |
| Which term refers to the level of honesty and integrity that every CST must uphold in the delivery of quality patient care? | surgical conscience |
| The mucous membrane covering the eye is called: | conjunctiva |
| The small intestine begins at the: | pylorus |
| What clotting factor does fibrinogen react with to form fibrin during the clotting process? | thrombin |
| Streptokinase is used as a: | fibrinolytic |
| Which are eucaryotic? | fungi |
| What term refers to low blood volume? | hypovolemia |
| Turning the hand so that the palm is upward is referred to: | supination |
| The foramen magnum is an opening in which bone? | occipital |
| The number of pairs of cranial nerves is: | 12 |
| Intestinal motility is called: | peristalsis |
| Healthcare associated infections refers to: | hospital acquired infections |
| Which of these local anesthetics is long-acting? | Marcaine |
| Spherically-shaped bacteria that occur in chains are referred to as: | streptococci |
| Cephalosporins are an: | antibiotic |
| Which diseases is the result of invasion by a pathogen? | pneumonia |
| Atheroma within the lumen of an artery is called: | arteriosclerosis obliterans |
| What type of suture is used for tendon repair? | polyethylene |
| Which of the following is a type of inflammatory bowel disease with chronic inflammation of the intestine? | Crohn's |
| What does the number 4 represent in the decimal 0.02457? | thousanths |
| Stat means: | immediately |
| What is the outermost layer of the skin? | epidermis |
| Which syringe is the most appropraite for administering a local anesthetic? | luer-lok |
| The bone that articulates with the distal tibia and fibula is the: | talus |
| Which directional term refers to the middle of the body? | medial |
| What is the correct order of the layers of the meninges superficial to deep? | dura, arachnoid, pia |
| The structure connecting the spinal cord with the brain is the: | brain stem |
| The invasion of pathogens within the tissues of a host is called: | infection |
| Reduced blood flow to an area is: | ischemia |
| The fraction 1/4 is equal to: | 0.25 |
| Which non-absorbable suture may be used in the presence of infection? | polypropylene |
| The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood or tissues is called: | sepsis |
| Endorphins, enkephalins, dopamine, and serotonin are examples of: | neurotransmitters |
| What cellular organelle serves as the site of protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
| Microorganisms that grow best with a low level of oxygen supply are: | microaerophiles |
| The number of extrinsic ocular muscles that control eye movement is: | 6 |
| The cranial nerve that may be injured during carotid endartectomy is the: | hypoglossal - XII |
| The term staphylococcus is the arrangement of: | cocci in clusters |
| Viruses reproduce by: | host cell metabolism |
| A clinical symptom of shock is: | hypotension |
| The normal pouches of the large intestine are called: | haustra |
| Which bacteria requires oxygen? | aerobic |
| What is the function of Bartholin's glands? | secrete lubrication |
| Which absorbable sutures offers the longest duration of wound support? | polydioxanone - PDS |
| Any instance in which a local anesthetic is injected to block or anesthetize a nerve is: | regional anesthesia |
| The body's first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens is: | unbroken skin |
| Anticoagulants: | decrease the clotting time |
| A method of anesthesia in which anesthetic medication is injected into the subarachnoid space is: | spinal |
| Microorganisms that have the ability to adapt to an aerobic or anaerobic environment are: | facultative |
| Bone grafts are usually taken from the: | iliac crest |
| The fifth cranial nerve is called the: | Trigeminal |
| The outer covering of the heart is: | pericardium |
| Which is the most common cause of a SSI? | patient's endogenous flora |
| Which is the staining characteristic of gram-negative organisms? | stain red |
| The diencephalon is composed of the: | thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Narcotic analgesics produce their effects by: | minimizing pain perception |
| Which is a life-threatening allergic reaction? | anaphylaxis |
| Before donning the sterile gown and gloves the CST must: | perform a surgical hand and arm scrub |
| Which can be achieved with the use of electrocautery? | coagulation |
| Antibiotics given to prevent post-op infection are considered: | prophylactic |
| The largest part of the brain is the: | cerebrum |
| The longest bone in the body is the: | femur |
| What does the term "hepat/o" mean? | liver |
| The folds of the lining in the stomach are: | rugae |
| The function of the sphincter of Oddi is to control the flow of: | bile into the duodenum |
| Heparin is measured in: | units |
| Which agent is used to perform a chromotubation? | methylene blue |
| The purpose of the Foley catheter is to: | drain the bladder in order to avoid injury |
| The only non-articulating bone in the body is the: | hyoid |
| Millimeter - mm - is a unit used to measure: | length |
| What does the prefix "inter-" mean? | between |
| What is known as the measure of force required to break a suture? | tensile strength |
| The first cervical vertebra is called the: | atlas |
| The suffix meaning "blood condition" is: | -emia |
| What organ of the body contains both striated and smooth muscles? | heart |
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kenderle7
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