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AST Cert Exam #4
AST Cert Exam #4 - small book and paper quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A TRAM flap would be used for which type of surgery? | breast reconstruction |
| The legal term that means "first do no harm" is: | primum non nocere |
| Bioburden refers to: | the degree of microbial contamination |
| If a surgical sponge was left inside the patient, this would be an example of which legal doctrine? | res ipsa loquitur (the thing speaks for itself) |
| A wrongful act or an infringement of a right leading to civil legal liability is known as: | tort |
| Which of the following is not an acceptable method of transporting contaminated instruments down the hall following a surgical procedure? | in an open meshed bottom tray |
| A moist sponge is placed into the rectum during a LASER procedure of the anus to: | prevent the escape of methane gas |
| The disinfectant that should not be used on lensed instruments due to the potential for loosening the "cement" around the lens is: | isopropyl alcohol |
| Of the following sutures, which will be adsorbed the quickest? prolene; PDS; dexon; surgical gut | surgical gut |
| When tissue is taken from one part of the body and grafted to another is called an? | autograft |
| A type of graft taken from a different species is known as a? | heterograft/xenograft |
| Which of the following is not one of the carpal bones? hamate; scaphoid; pisiform; scapula | scapula |
| What is not a part of the fire triangle? | carbon dioxide |
| The prefix that designates 1000 times is the basic unit in the metric system for: | kilo- |
| The purpose of keeping the doors shut in the operating room is to: | maintain positive pressure |
| A contrast medium used when performing a cholangiogram is: | diatrizoate sodium |
| Defamation or injury to an individuals character carried out in writing is called: | libel |
| Anesthesia produced by marked cooling is: | cryoanesthesia |
| To decrease airborne contamination and static electricity, the relative humidity in an operating room is maintained at: | 50-55% |
| The removal of devitalized tissue is: | debridement |
| An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body is known as: | ischemia |
| Pressurized water is most effective in containing: | class A fires - common combustibles |
| The process of destroying microorganisms on inanimate objects is: | disinfection |
| The number of milliliters in an ounce is: | 30 mL |
| The purpose of washing hands prior to the surgical scrub is to: | remove gross soil and transient microorganisms |
| Which of the following agents gives off toxic vapors when being mixed? | polymethylmethacrylate |
| If the temperature on the steam sterilizer reads 270 degrees F, what should the pressure reading be? | 27 PSI |
| All of the following are safety precautions when using a LASER except: | use of reflective metal instruments |
| During which phase of wound healing is the strength of the wound limited to the suture holding it together? | inflammatory |
| All of the following are hand procedures except: | Le Fort III |
| The needle gauge most appropriate for local infiltration is: | 25 gauge |
| The scrub has completed the sterile setup when notified that the surgeon will be 30 minutes late. The scrub would then: | remain with the sterile field until further notified |
| An anticoagulant used during vascular surgery that can be reversed with protamine sulfate is: | heparin sodium |
| Which of the following signs would you expect if the patient is hemorrhaging? | cool, moist skin |
| For which of the following wound drains would a sterile safety pin be needed? | Penrose drain |
| The number of milliliters in a cup is: | 240 mL |
| Which type of wound would be classified as a class I for infection: | inguinal hernia without break in technique |
| The minimal temperature required to kill bacterial spores is: | 250 degrees F |
| Control of bleeding is called: | hemostasis |
| The needle point most appropriate for suturing liver, pancreas, or spleen is: | blunt |
| A local anesthetic that is used only topically is: | cocaine hydrochloride |
| All of the following factors delay would healing except: | good circulation |
| Aeration is essential following sterilization by: | ethylene oxide gas |
| A burn that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis layers of the skin and is characterized by redness, swelling, pain and blistering is called a: | second-degree burn |
| A scab or slough produced by a thermal burn is an: | eschar |
| Which stapler would the surgeon need assistance in application? | skin stapler |
| Which is not used as a skin prep when using electrosurgery or LASER? | isopropyl alcohol |
| The stitch that provides the most rapid closure, even distribution of tension, and a leak-proof suture line is: | continuous |
| Another name for mole is: | nevus |
| A 50% solution of dextrose in water means that: | there are 50g of dextrose in 100 mL of water |
| What supplies would be needed for a STSG? | mineral oil, wooden tongue blade |
| Saying that a drug is given "hs" means that: | it should be taken at bedtime |
| Burns are assessed using what parameters? | rule of nines |
| The lungs are covered in a serous membranous sac called the: | visceral pleura |
| An anticoagulant given subcutaneously, intravenously or as a flush is: | heparin |
| The chemical agent used in gas sterilization is: | ethylene oxide |
| Liability is a legal rule that: | holds each individual responsible for his/her own actions |
| If a patient falls because he/she was left unattended, the OR team could be cited in a lawsuit for: | abandonment |
| An OR hazard that has been linked to the increased risk of spontaneous abortion is: | waste anesthetic gas |
| One of the principle muscles of the pelvic floor is the: | levator ani |
| Solu-Medrol is an: | anti-inflammatory |
| A connective tissue band that holds bones together is called: | ligament |
| A drug used to reverse hypotension is: | Levophed |
| The vocal cords are located in the: | larynx |
| The term "ung" refers to: | ointment |
| The thick, fan-shaped muscle that lies on the anterior chest is the: | pectoralis major |
| Ionization radiation protection is afforded by the use of: | lead |
| The triangular muscle of the shoulder that abducts the arm is the: | deltoid |
| A topical antibiotic is: | Ancef |
| Ischemia can be defined as: | a decreased blood supply to a body part |
| The gastrocnemius is the chief muscle of the: | calf of the leg |
| The suffix -lysis means: | breaking down |
| Avitene is a: | hemostatic agent |
| The lower jawbone is the : | mandible |
| The most dependable control measure used to assure that sterile conditions have been met is: | biological control test |
| Radiation exposure can be monitored with: | film badges |
| "Proximal" is a term that indicates a point: | near the body |
| A drug that decreases the tendency of blood platelets to clot is: | warfarin sodium |
| Which of the abdominal muscles originates at the pubic bone and ends in the ribs? | rectus abdominis |
| Miochol is a: | miotic |
| Adduction means: | movement toward the medial plane |
| A systemic agent used to control uterine hemorrhage is: | pitocin |
| Kerat/o refers to: | horny |
| In order to be sterilized, a linen pack must weigh no more than: | 12 lbs |
| An absorbable gelatin hemostatic agent that is often soaked in epinephrine solution is: | Gelfoam |
| The pounds of pressure necessary in a steam sterilizer at 250 degrees F is: | 15-17 PSI |
| Why would gas sterilization be chosen over steam sterilization? | it is less damaging to items |
| The process called cavitation occurs in the: | ultrasonic cleaner |
| The left eye is indicated by the following letters: | OS |
| The right eye is indicated by the following letters: | OD |
| "Slow exhaust" in a gravity displacement steam sterilizer is used for: | solutions |
| While using this mixture, a scavenging system is used to collect vapors: | methylmethacrylate |
| Excessive exposure to radiation can affect the: | reproductive organs |
| The endoflush system: | initially cleans resusable channeled instruments |
| "Nulli-" is a prefix that means: | none |
| The chemical sterilant used in the Steris method of sterilization is: | paracetic acid |
| Each of the following should be applied using dry gloves except: Gelfoam; Avitine; Collastat; Helistat | Gelfoam |
| The function of the trachea is to: | conduct air to and from the lungs |
| A potential safety hazard associated with laser surgery is: | eye injury |
| A cystocele: | is a herniation of the urinary bladder |
| The best measure for staff protection against HIV is: | handling all needles and sharps carefully and using barriers to avoid direct contact with body fluids |
| When using a high-level disinfectant always: | rinse items with sterile water before use |
| Which virus can be transmitted by a needle puncture of splash in the eye? | Hepatitis B |
| Tissue death is called: | necrosis |
| What refers to the process of isolating the surgical site from the rest of the body? | surgical draping |
| What is a type of drape that contains a specific opening to accommodate the surgical incision? | fenestrated drape |
| What is a type of drape used to cover nonoperative sites? | non-fenestrated drape |
| What is a type of drape in which the surgical incision is made through? | incise drape |
| What type of drape is used commonly during eye surgery? | aperture drape |
| What skin preparation products provide a rapid decrease in the level of microorganisms? | alcohol and iodine |
| What is the benefit of using chlorhexidine for the purpose of skin preparation? | chlorhexidine has a residual effect of 5 to 6 hours |
| What is the first level, or bottom, of the pyramid in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? | physiological |
| What is the process in which the surgical technologist rids his/her skin of microorganisms prior to the surgical procedure? | surgical scrub process |
| What is the normal lab value for white blood cells? | 5,000 to 10,000/mm3 |
| What is the normal value for red blood cells? | 4.3 to 5.9 x 10^6 cells/mm3 |
| What diagnostic procedure is used to determine abnormalities, tumors, disc herniation, or other problems associated with the spinal structures? | myelography |
| What diagnostic procedure aids in the diagnosis of aneurysms, blood clots and vascular occlusions? | angiography |
| What is the preferred patient position for cardiac and thyroid procedures? | supine position |
| What is the preferred patient position for hip replacements and thoracotomies? | lateral position |
| The flow of air from inside the operating room outward is known as: | laminar air flow |
| An example of personal protective equipment is: | surgical masks |
| An example of universal precautions: | proper handling of sharps |
| What is a tool used to assess the level of oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin in the blood and arterial system? | pulse oximeter |
| What is the least effective method for monitoring the patient's core body temperature? | head monitoring strip |
| What are the three most common sizes of scalpel blades? | #10, #11, and #15 |
| What is an example of a grasping instrument? | forceps |
| What is an example of a clamping instrument? | hemostats |
| What is an example of a viewing instrument? | retractor |
| What type of instrument is useful for exploring structures such as fistulas, ducts, and vessels? | probing instrument |
| What type of instrument is used to enlarge the openings of structures? | dilator |
| The method of hemostasis that involves the use of instruments to control bleeding is: | mechanical hemostasis |
| What chemical cauterization substances is frequently used to control cervical or nasal bleeding? | silver nitrate |
| What chemical cauterization substance is a potent vasoconstrictor? | epinephrine |
| What is not a common type of suture material? | nonmetallic |
| This surgical technique involves the generation of extreme cold at the end of a probe: | cryotherapy |
| What is the most commonly used substance in cryotherapy? | liquid nitrogen |
| What surgical technique is employed to perform a Greenfield filter placement procedure? | radiologic technique |
| What surgical technique involves the use of video assistance in the equipment? | laparoscopic technique |
| What surgical instrument produces sound waves at a level suitable for cutting tissue? | harmonic scalpel |
| What surgical method uses the combination of irrigation and aspiration simultaneously? | phacoemulsification |
| Which surgical instrument is used primarily for tumor evacuation? | CUSA system |
| The area that is established in order to reduce the potential for sharps-related injury is: | neutral zone |
| What are commonly placed in surgical sites to remove excess fluid accumulation? | drains |
| What type of dressing is used when drainage is expected to be minimal? | one-layer dressing |
| What type of dressing is used when the drainage is expected to be moderate to heavy? | three-layer dressing |
| What type of dressing is sutured into position? | bolster dressing |
| A type of surgical implant that is used to reduce and stabilize fractures of long bones are: | rods |
| A surgical procedure in which therapeutic agents are surgically implanted into the body: | brachytherapy |
| What is a type of surgical implant that is obtained from the patient, an animal, or a cadaver? | biologic implant |
| A surgical implant that is used to re-route blood flow around an obstructed vessel: | vascular implant |
| A bariatric surgical procedure that involves a circular band implanted around the upper portion of a patient's stomach: | lap-band procedure |
| A surgical instrument that is commonly used to perform colonoscopy procedures: | endoscope |
| What is a surgical instrument that is commonly used to visualize the vagina, cervix and vulva? | colposcope |
| What is an intensely hot, precisely focused beam of light designed to alter or destroy target tissue? | LASER |
| A partial representation of a tissue or entity that requires further evaluation: | specimen |
| What type of biopsy requires the entire lesion to be removed to test for clean tissue margins after removal? | excision biopsy |
| What type of specimen is sent without any preservatives? | fresh sample |
| What is the only difference when dealing with bullet specimens? | bullets must be processed differently because they will become police evidence |
| What surgical instruments consist of several robotic arms that are directed by a surgeon? | da Vinci Surgical System |
| What surgical instrument is a computer-based technology in which a surgical procedure is based on a starting point in space? | Stealth Surgical Navigation |
| What is the most common injury incurred due to faulty laparoscopic cautery? | tissue and vessel damage |
| The federal policy requiring all users of medical devices to report any incident that cause illness, injury, or death of a patient is known as: | Safe Medical Devices Act |
| When is not an appropriate time to perform an instrument count? | during the surgical procedure |
| What should be performed if an instrument used during a surgical procedure cannot be verified and reconciled? | obtain an x-ray of the surgical site |
| Which two individuals are responsible for the surgical count? | surgical technologist and circulator |
| What refers to the act in which the patient is made aware of the procedure, the risks, benefits and outcome of the procedure? | surgical consent |
| The commission or omission of an act that results in a negative outcome: | negligence |
| The 1998 legislation that contains eight areas that consumers have the right to expect regarding health care: | Patient Bill of Rights |
| A detailed summary of the surgical procedure: | operating room record |
| The level of moral accountability that a surgical technologist must have when dealing with the health and welfare of another individual is known as: | surgical conscience |
| The most critical responsibility of a surgical technologist: | ensure sterile technique in the OR |
| The destruction of all microorganisms on inanimate surfaces: | sterilization |
| The accepted standard mode of sterilization for items that are not heat, moisture or temperature sensitive: | steam sterilization |
| The number of microbes residing on items to be sterilized: | bioburden |
| What is the most common reason for sterilization failures? | lack of contact between steam and surface of surgical items |
| What is a type of sterilization used for items that are heat and moisture sensitive? | ethylene oxide sterilization |
| What is a device that contains a preset number and specific types of microorganisms that are destroyed when exposed to sterilization? | biological indicator |
| What is the biological indicator for steam sterilizers? | spores of B. stearothermophilus |
| What is the biological indicator for EtO? | Bacillus subtilis |
| The procedure designed to check for air entrapment within the chamber of a sterilizer: | Bowie-Dick test |
| According to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, what is the primary purpose and function of packaging material? | to ensure sterility until the instrument is used |
| What is NOT a performance standard that must be met by packaging material? | packaging material must be water, steam and heat resistant |
| What is the membrane that is attached to and covers the lungs? | visceral pleural membrane |
| What is the medical term used to describe the action of intestinal smooth muscle layers? | peristalsis |
| What refers to the small, bony projections between the transverse spinous processes and the vertebral bodies? | pedicles |
| What suffix refers to inflammation? | -itis |
| What does the acronym COPD stand for? | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| What congenital anomalies does the acronym VSD refer to? | ventricular septal defect |
| What does CHF refer to? | congestive heart failure |
| What describes the level of Hydrogen ions in a solution? | pH |
| What acronym means to administer a medication on an as-needed basis? | p.r.n. |
| A disruption or alteration in the integrity of the bony structure of the skeleton: | fracture |
| A type of fracture in which the bone penetrates the soft tissue, muscle and skin: | compound fracture |
| What stage of wound healing begins approximately three days post-surgery? | proliferative phase |
| What surgical wound carries a 10% to 15% infection rate? | class III surgical wound |
| What is the method of tissue handling that minimizes cell destruction? | Halsted's Principles of Surgery |
| What may result from an ineffective surgical wound closure? | dead space |
| The type of anesthetic that requires exsanguination of blood from an extremity: | IV regional anesthetic |
| The process of alternating anesthetic injections and aspirating spinal fluid is known as: | barbotage |
| A white, isotonic solution used to achieve a state of altered consciousness ranging from mild sedation to deep anesthesia: | propofol |
| What is commonly used for conscious sedation during minor surgical procedures? | midazolam |
| An agent that can cause illness or disease to the host: | pathogen |
| The ability of a microbe to cause disease: | virulence |
| The ability of a microorganism to produce disease-causing poisons: | toxigenesis |
Created by:
kenderle7
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