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Muskl & Nerve Trauma
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A physical injury or wound, produced by internal or external force | Trauma |
| Results from force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter | Mechanical Injury |
| External force acting on the body causing internal rxns within the tissue | Load |
| Ability of a tissue to resist a load | Stiffness |
| Internal resistance to a load | Stress |
| Internal change in tissue (i.e. length) resulting in deformation | Strain |
| On the Stress-Strain Curve, the phase where plastic changes occur before mechanical injury (time dependent) | Creep |
| Point at which elasticity is almost exceeded | Yield Point |
| Permanent changes that result if deformation persists | Plastic Changes |
| When the yield point is far exceeded resulting in damage | Mechanical failure |
| Force that pulls and stretches tissue | Tension |
| Force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue | Shearing |
| Type of force where two force pairs act at opposite ends of a structure (can occur with three forces as well) | Bending |
| Loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends | Torsion |
| An injury that has initiated the injury process | Acute |
| An injury that does not properly heal | Chronic |
| Mechanism of injury that can be caused by a direct blow | Traumatic |
| Mechanism of injury that can be caused by dynamic use over time | Overuse |
| Some fibers stretched/torn, tenderness & painful AROM, full range present | Grade I muscle/tendon strain |
| Number of fibers torn, painful active contraction, palpable divot, some swelling/discoloration | Grade II muscle/tendon strain |
| Complete rupture of muscle/musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, great deal of pain (diminishes due to nerve damage) | Grade III muscle/tendon strain |
| Painful involuntary skeletal muscle contraction caused by overload and high demand fatigue | Muscle cramps |
| Involuntary muscle contraction in response to pain following injury (muscles splint the area) | Muscle Guarding |
| A reflex reaction caused by trauma | Muscle Spasms |
| Alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick sucession | Clonic Muscle Spasm |
| Rigid contraction that lasts a period of time | Tonic Muscle Spasm |
| Muscle pain experienced immediately after exercise, accompanies fatigue | Acute-onset muscle soreness |
| Pain occurs 24-48 hrs following activity (potentially caused by microtrauma to muscle/connective tissue) | Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) |
| Gradual, repeated microtrauma causing tenderness, inflammation, and pain to tendon | Tendonitis |
| Sticking of tendon due to inflammatory by-products | Crepitus |
| Degenerative tendinitis resulting in swelling, stiffness, and restricted motion | Tendinosis |
| An âumbrellaâ term that does not imply a particular tendon pathology | Tendinopathy |
| Inflammation of synovial sheath | Tenosynovitis |
| Discrete and hypersensitive nodule within a tight band of muscle or fascia. Develops from mechanical stress. | Myofascial Trigger Point |
| Nodule that does not cause spontaneous pain, may become aware when pressure applied. May restrict movement or cause muscle weakness. | Latent Trigger Point |
| Nodule that causes pain at rest, tender to palpation with referred pain (âjump signâ). Commonly found in postural muscles | Active Trigger Point |
| Result of sudden blow to the body, can be superficial and deep (i.e. bruise) | Contusion |
| Results from blood and lymph flows into surrounding tissue, encapsulated by connective tissue | Hematoma |
| Chronically inflamed and contused tissue resulting in generation of calcium deposits | Myositis Ossificans |
| Wasting away of muscle due to immobilization, inactivity, or loss of nerve function | Atrophy |
| Abnormal shortening of muscle, resistance to passive stretch | Contracture |
| Mild to moderate pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, and mild point tenderness | Grade I ligament sprain |
| Moderate to severe pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, and instability with tearing and separation of fibers | Grade II ligament sprain |
| Extremely painful, loss of function, severe instability and swelling. May represent subluxation. Surgical repair needed | Grade III ligament sprain |
| Occurs when at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment and must be reduced | Dislocation |
| Wearing of hyaline cartilage leads to changes in joint mechanics resulting in joint degeneration. | Osteoarthritis |
| Irritation of fluid-filled sacs (bursa) causing swelling, pain, and loss of function (can be acute or chronic) | Bursitis |
| Result of repeated joint trauma (joint capsule) | Capsulitis |
| Develops following mistreatment of joint injury. Motion may be restricted and joint noises may develop. (Can be acute or chronic) | Synovitis |
| The skull, ribs, and scapulae are what type of bone? | Flat bones |
| The vertebrae and skull are what type of bone? | Irregular bones |
| The wrist and ankle are what type of bone? | Short bones |
| The humerus, ulna, tibia, radius, fibula, and femur are what type of bone? (Most commonly injured) | Long bones |
| The hollow and cylindrical shaft of a bone, covered by compact bone. Medullary cavity contains yellow marrow lined by endosteum | Diaphysis |
| Composed of cancellous bone covered by hyaline cartilage. Area for muscle attachment | Epiphysis |
| Dense, white fibrous covering that penetrates bone via Sharpeyâs fibers. Contains blood vessels and osteoblasts | Periosteum |
| Deformity, pain, point tenderness, swelling, and painful active & passive movements (as it relates to bones). X-ray necessary for definitive diagnosis | Bone fracture |
| Type of bone fracture where there is little movement or displacement | Closed fracture |
| Type of bone fracture that involves displacement of fractured ends breaking through the surrounding tissue (i.e. skin) | Open fracture |
| Type of bone fracture that results in focal tenderness and pain (early on) and pain with activity (later on). Becomes constant and more intense particularly at night. (Shows up on x-ray once healing has begun) | Stress fracture |
| Injury to the growth plate in adolescents usually aged 10-16 years old (Salter-Harris Classification) | Epiphyseal Injuries |
| Injury to the traction epiphyses (sites for origin and insertion of muscles). I.e. Severs disease and Osgood-Schlatter disease | Apophyseal injury |
| Degenerative changes to epiphyses of bone during rapid child growth (3 possible causes) | Osteochonndrosis |
| Inflammatory condition of bone and overlying articular cartilage that affects the joints of both immature and mature skeletons | Osteochondritis dissecans |
| Interruption in nerve fiber conduction caused by compression or blunt trauma. Impacts motor function | Neuropraxia |
Created by:
natamccl
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