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Ch 3
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | biochemical compounds form functional units |
| Somatic Cell | all body cells except sex cells |
| Cholesterol | maintain fluidity of cell membrane |
| Integral Proteins | within the membrane |
| Peripheral Proteins | bound to inner or outer surface of the membrane/ doesn't go through the membrane |
| Anchoring Proteins | attach to inside or outside structures |
| Recognition Proteins | label cells as normal or abnormal |
| Enzymes | catalyzes reactions |
| Receptor Proteins | bind and respond to ligands |
| Carrier Proteins | transport specific solutes through membranes |
| Channels | regulate water flow and solutes passing through membrane |
| Gated Channels | open or close to regulate passage of substances |
| Diffusion | movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane in response to solute differences |
| Osmotic Pressure | force of water movement into a solution |
| Hydrostatic Pressure | pressure needed to block osmosis |
| Tonicity | the effects of osmosis on cells |
| Isotonic | no net gain or loss of water |
| Hypotonic | net gain of water into cells |
| Hemolysis | cell swells or bursts |
| Hypertonic | net water flow out of cell |
| Crenation | cell shrinks or shrivels up |
| Carrier Mediated Transport | proteins transport ions or organic substrates across plasma membrane |
| Symport (cotransport) | two substances move in the same direction at the same time |
| Antiport (counter-transport) | one substance moves in while another moves out |
| Facilitated Diffusion | carrier proteins transport molecules too large to fit through channel proteins |
| Active Transport | proteins move substrates against concentration gradients |
| Ion Pumps | move ions |
| Exchange Pumps | move two ions in opposite directions at the same time |
| Primary Active Transport | pumping solutes against a concentration gradient using ATP |
| Sodium Potassium Exchange Pump | One ATP powers the movement of three sodium ions out, and two potassium ions in |
| Secondary Active Transport | ATP is required to establish a concentration gradient of one substance in order to passively transport another |
| Vesicular Transport (bulk transport) | materials move into or out of the cell in vesicles |
| Endocytosis | importation of extracellular materials packaged within vesicles which requires ATP |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | specific molecules are ingested into the cell |
| Pinocytosis | endosomes drink extracellular fluid |
| Phagocytosis | large objects are engulfed in phagosomes |
| Exocytosis | granules or droplets are released from the cell as a vesicle fuses to plasma membrane |
Created by:
forty298
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