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Ch 1 & 2
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | describes the structures of the body |
| Physiology | the study of the functions of anatomical structures |
| Gross Anatomy | if we can see it with the naked eye, examines large visible structures |
| Microscopic Anatomy | examines cells and molecules |
| Cytology | study of the cells |
| Histology | study of the tissues |
| Embryology | the study of embryo and fetus |
| Cell Physiology | function of the cells |
| Organ Physiology | function of specific organs |
| Systemic Physiology | function of organ systems |
| Pathological Physiology | effects of diseases on organs or systems |
| Atom | smallest living form of matter |
| Molecule | two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Cells | smallest living units in the body |
| Tissue | group of cells working together |
| Organs | two or more tissues working together |
| Organ System | a group of interacting organs |
| Organism | individual life form |
| Surface Anatomy | locating structures on or near the body surface |
| Anatomical position | hands at side, palms forward |
| Supine | lying down, face up |
| Prone | lying down, face down |
| Sectional Anatomy | a slice through a three dimensional object |
| Sectional Plane | a single view along a two dimensional flat surface |
| Frontal (coronal plane) | vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior |
| Sagittal Plane | vertical plane dividing body into left and right |
| Midsagittal plane | lies in the middle |
| Parasagittal | offest from the middle |
| Transverse Plane | divides body into superior and inferior |
| Homeostasis | all body systems work together to maintain a stable internal environment |
| Autoregulation | automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to an environmental change |
| Extrinsic Regulation | responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems |
| Negative Feedback | the response of the effector negates or opposes the stimulus |
| Postive feedback | Initial stimulus produces a response that amplifies or adds the original change in conditions |
| Postive Feedback Loop | completes a dangerous process quickly to reestablish homeostasis |
| System Integration | systems work together to maintain homeostasis |
| Isotope | elements with similar numbers of protons but different number of neutrons |
| Compound | a chemical substance composed of atoms of two or more elements |
| Ionic | attraction between positive cations and negative anions |
| Non polar Covalent Bond | no difference in charges |
| Polar Covalent Bond | has a + and - charge in poles |
| Hydrogen Bonds | weak forces that affect the shape and properties of compounds |
| Chemical Notation | short hand that describes chemical compounds and reactions |
| Work | movement of an object or change in its physical state |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Kinetic Energy | energy of motion |
| Potential Energy | stored energy resulting from position of structure |
| Metabolism | sum of all reactions |
| Exergonic Reactions | produce more energy than they use |
| Endergonic Reactions | use more energy than they produce |
| Activation Energy | the amount of energy needed to begin a reaction |
| Specificity | one enzyme catalyzes one reaction |
| Saturation Limit | an enzymes maximum work rate |
| Regulation | the ability to turn on and off |
| Nutrients | essential chemical compounds obtained from the diet |
| Metabolites | molecules synthesized or broken down inside the body |
| Organic Compound | compound that has hydrogen and carbon |
| Inorganic Compound | doesn't primarily have carbon and hydrogen |
| Solution | a uniform mixture of two or more substances |
| Solvent | medium in which molecules of solute are dispersed |
| High Heat Capacity | the ability of water molecules to absorb a large amount of heat before hydrogen bonds between the water molecules are broken |
| Solubility | many organic and inorganic molecules will dissolve in water |
| Reactivity | reactions occur in water and water is a reactant in many reactions |
| Lubrication | little friction between water molecules |
| Hydrophilic | compounds that dissolve in water |
| Hydrophobic | compounds that don't dissolve in water |
| Aqueous Solution | a solution in which the solvent is water |
| Colloid | a solution of very large organic molecules |
| Suspension | a solution in which particles settle |
| Concentration | the amount of solute in a solvent |
| Electrolytes | inorganic ions which conduct electricity in solution |
| Salt | an electrolyte whose cation is not hydrogen and anion is not hydroxide |
| Buffer | a solution that can maintain constant pH |
| Acid | release hydrogen ions into solution |
| Base | remove hydrogen ions from solution |
| pH | a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions solution |
| Carbohydrate | group of organic molecules |
| Proteins | chains of amino acids |
| Polypeptides | linear sequences of amino acids held together by peptide bonds |
| Denatured | no longer in their natural state |
| Nucleic Acids | store and process information at the molecular level |
| Phosporylation | adding a phosphate group to ADP with a high energy bond to form the high energy compound ATP |
| Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATPase) | the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and ADP |
Created by:
forty298
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