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Mythology/Odyssey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a myth/mythology? | study of the way early man explained his world (passed down orally), created by poets, made stories about gods/goddesses. created as entertaining stories w/ serious purpose, often a warning or cautionary tale. |
| What is Chaos? | the original emptiness. |
| What was born from Chaos? | Gaea (Mother Earth), Tartarus, Eros (love) |
| Gaea gave birth to who originally? | Uranus (father sky), Ourea (mountains), Pontus (sea) |
| Gaea married Uranus and gave birth to... 1st gen | 3 hundred handed giants, 3 cyclopes , and 13 titans |
| Cronus over threw his father by... | came out his hiding place while Uranus was sleeping, he used a sharp stone to stab Uranus. |
| Cronus and Rhea children (married his sister)... | Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseiden, |
| Cronus | TITAN, married sister Rhea, became of gods, emasculated Uranus, god of sky, swallows his children |
| Helious | TITAN, god of sun, drove sun across sky in a chariot |
| Selene | TITAN, goddess of moon |
| Oceanus | TITAN, god of river |
| Themis | TITAN, goddess of prophecy at Delphi (Greece), oracle |
| Rhea (cybele) | TITAN, married brother Cronus, goddess of earth, became parents of the Greek gods, wants to hide 6th child (Zeus) from Cronus |
| Atlas | TITAN, strongest of them, help up the sky so it wouldn't fall on earth |
| Prometheus | TITAN, most intelligent/clear, created 1st mortal woman (Pandora), gave man fire, eternally punished |
| Gaea | 1st being |
| Tartarus | darkest part of the underworld |
| Eros | beauty inspired by creation of many deathless gods |
| Uranus | married gaea, provided homes for immortal beings, emasculated by Cronus, Gaea's equal |
| Ourea (mountains) | the goddess of mountains of the world, primordial deity |
| Pontus (sea) | premordial deites, god of sea |
| hundred handed giant | 50 arms/head, threat to Uranus' power, thrown down to earth, landed in Tartarus region |
| Cyclops | had one eye, expert craftsmen, built places on Mt. Olympus, thrown deep into the earth |
| Prometheus' importance | created first mortal being (clay and water), brought fire, |
| Hestia (Vesta) | 1st child of cronus and rhea, swallowed by father, garidan of home and hearth, no personality, 1/3 of virgin goddesses on Olympus |
| Demeter (Ceres) | swolled, goddess of grain, daughter is Persephone |
| Hera (Juno) | queen of olympus, goddess of marriage and childbirth, Zues's wife, symbol=peacock |
| Hades (Pluto) | helmet of invisibility, kidnapped Persephone, cruel and unpitying, angry at brothers |
| Posieden (Neptune) | trident from cyclopse, wife=amplitrite (goddess of dolphins), many affairs |
| Zeus (Jupiter/Jove) | 7th child of Cronus and Rhea, hidden from Cronus at Mt. Dicte, womanizer, supreme ruler of the universe, wife=hera |
| Zues and Hera's children | Apollo, Artemeis, Athena, Aphrodite, The Fates, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes |
| Hermes | the god's and goddesse's messanger, swift and graceful in motion, Son of Zues and Maia (daughter of Atlas), sign-winged sandal |
| Hephaestus | god of fire, metalsmith, married to Aphrodite, son of Hera, born deformed, thrown from mt olympus, kind and peaceful, symbol=fire,andvil, and hammer |
| Ares | god of war, ONLY REAL CHILD OF ZEUS AND HERA, arrogant and crul, many affairs + w Aphrodite, symbol=volture |
| The Fates | determined the fate for each individual, 3 immortal women |
| Persephone | queen of the underworld, married to Hades, mother is Demeter |
| Aphrodite | beautiful |
| Athena | goddess of war and crafts and defensive war, 1/3 of virgin goddesses, city named after her, daughter of zues NO MOTHER, zues' favorite, symbol=olive tree |
| Artemis | goddess of the hunt, moon and youth, twin of Apollo, 1/3 of the virgin goddesses |
| Apollo | god of prophecy, medicine and archery, twin to Artemis, plays lyre, taught men the art of healing |
| Demeter's goddess status | goddess of harvest and grain , made the crops grow every year |
| Hephaestus's birth story | Hera gave birth, then threw the child off the cliff of Mt. Olympus, then was crippled for life |
| Theseus' status as a demigod | he was the king aegean, but cannot be a prince because of politics. his dad has 50 sons |
| How did Theseus use advice to overcome his weakness? | he used his size (tiny/scrawny) against his enimies |
| How did Theseus's human flaw kill his death | he forgot to put up a white sail when coming home, his father got upset and drowned himself |
| How is his father's death responsible for the geography | King Aegean drowned himself, later name the Aegean Sea |
| Perseus' demigod status | mortal mother, father is zues |
| How did Perseus' use advice to capture Medusa's head? | Athena tells him to be careful because he can be turned into stone if he looks at him |
| How does Perseus use Medusa's head to help other? | uses it to freeze Atlas and a sea monster to protect Andromeda |
| How is Medusa's head responsible for world geography? | Atlas holds up the sky forever, the Atlas mtns came to be. Poseidon responsible for earthquakes=tsunami, blood of medusa snakes of Africa, Perseus throwing disk= Olympic games |
| How does Per. fulfill the prophecy? | he killed Acrisois |
| Cupids mother and her feelings for Psyche | Venus, wants him to be cursed, to fall in love w a mean unworthy being |
| Psyche and her marriage | she is cupids wife, |
| Why does Psyche's husband leave her and how does she get him back | because she looked at her husband, she looks to Demeter. |
| the connection to greek mythology | cupid (eros) |
| the moral of the story of cupid and psyche | beauty is only skin deep |
| epic structure | long narrative poem, divided into 24 books/chapters, deals w kings/queens |
| epic conventions | speech to develope characters in interesting way, extended similes, allusions, epithets |
| oral storytelling | stories that are told orally not written down |
| who was involved in the Trojan war | trojans and the spartans |
| what happened in the Trojan war | prince paris of troy took helen from menacelus |
| how did the Trojan war end? | Odysseus builds a wooden horse and lives it on the shore for the Trojans. at night they sneak out and burn the troy to the grounds |
| common themes in the Odysseus | loyalty, pride and honor, resisting temptations |
| homer opens up with a prayer. who does he ask to help him sing his tale? | the muses to help |
| who were the 9 people and what did they do that makes them worthy of telling homer's tale? | they were the 9 daughters of zues, inspired people to produce artistic pieces |
| homer says " but not by will nor valor could he save them, for their own recklessness destroyed them all", what does this mean? | doomed themselves |
| in book 5, who kept Odysseus a prisoner? describe his mood | calypso, helpless |
| how many years has he spent w Calypso? | 7 |
| who is O's protector? | Athena |
| what does Athena do to help O out of his imprisonment? | begs zues to help, zues agrees and sent a messenger, Hermes to order for him to be free |
| what does Calypso promise to O? why is she considered a threat? | promises him immorality, she keeps him from his wife |
| what is hermes compared to | how a seagull flies low to hunt and how hermes skimmed across the water |
| How does O respond when Calypso says "can i be less desirable that she is"? | he avoids it by saying he just wants to go home and that his wife is aging so Calypso is prettier |
| why do the Phoenicians show O great hospitably and kindness? | they believed all guests were god sent |
| who is O's father? | Laertes |
| where is O's home? | near the sea of Ithaca |
| what kind of army were the Cicones? | fought on horse back |
| what kind of people were the Lotus eaters | they were calm and wanted no harm, hippies |
| what deeper meaning can be taken from this episode with the Lotus eaters? | it is better to have someone care about you even when you thing you don't need it |
| what is the Cyclops's name? | Polyphemus |
| who is the cyclops related to? | Poseidon |
| what does Polyphemus represent? | the brutal force that any hero must overcome before being successful |
| why is O considered the cleverest of the ancient Greeks? | the strategies he uses to trick others |
| what Greek custom does he ask the cyclops to honor? | asks him to honor Greek hospitably |
| what does O lie about? | his ship being wrecked |
| O proves he is the "shrewdest of the Greeks" by telling the cyclops his name is? | nobody |
| list 5 clever actions | 1.coming up w name (nobody) 2. telling cyclops that he was stranded 3. rode sheep outside (under them) 4. gets the cyclops drunk 5. didn't kill it, just blinded him |
| what serious mistake did O make when he and his crew sailed away? | taunt the cyclops, said his own name |
| how does O exhibits hubris? | excessive pride, having to say his own name |
| what did Aeolus do for O as a favor? | he puts all the stormy winds in a bag |
| what happens to all the men that enter in Circe's home? | turns them into pigs |
| what does Circe commands O to do? | to go to the land of the dead by himself |
| in the land of the dead, o seeks what destiny? | Teriresias |
| what is teriesias' prophecy? | warning anguish from zues and Poseidon, sail through narrow, restrain himself from and sailors, don't eat the cows on Thrinakia, people are going to want his wife, need to kill the people that want his wife, create new place, have a sea-borne death |
| theiresians says "but if you raid the beeves,i see destruction fro ship and crew" what does this foreshawdow? | his men eat the cows |
| what advice does circe give Odysseus about the sirens? | stay away, plug men's ears w beeswax |
| what if O wants to hear their voices? | let his men tie him up to the ship and double tie him |
| what is syclla? | serpent like person, 6 heads, 12 legs, neck is half her length |
| what is Charybdis? | undersea monster, whirlpool as mouth, opens and swallows everything 3x a day |
| how does O handle the sirens? | tied up, ears stuffed w beeswax on sailors |
| why does O not warn his men about the sea monster? | bc they would hide and not help |
| how does O demonstrate leadership wen the men are heading toward sylla? | gives them a pep talk |
| what weakness in leadership is o showing when he lands on Thrinakia? | tells the men not to eat the cows but they do it anyways |
| who tells the crew that famine is the worse most pitiful end that man can come to? what is this man's plan to avoid punishment? | eurylochus, sacrifice the best cow to the sky gods and build them a temple for lord of noon when they arrive home |
| when O wakens/heads down shore he realizes what? | realizes that they ate the cattle bc he smells the meat |
| what does athena tell O and why? | tells him to disguise as beggar bc his home is full of enemies |
| what has been going on at O's palace? | has been overrun by his wife's suitors |
| what does Athena warn Telemachus about? | someone is planning to ambush him |
| what happened to Argos when O left to the Trojan war? | got forgotten and got old/useless |
| what does Eumaeus say about servants? | "without a master they have no will to labor" |
| what happens to Argos after he realizes his owns is home? | dies |
| o talks to P, what is he testing? | her loyalty |
| the beggar pretends he has met O and he cannot resist praising the lost hero, what is this an example of? | hubris |
| what does the nurse do for O, and how does she recognize O from? | wash his feet, scar on his leg |
| in book 21 Penelope proposes an impossible task for a suitor to marry her, what is it? | to string O's bow, impossible for anyone but O |
| what does the contest entail for P to marry? | bend/string bow, send arrow through iron ax-handle |
| how does o prove he's real? | show the scar from hunting on Parnassus |
| people on O's side | Umayeus, telemachus, zues, apollo, cowherd, athena, urechuyla |
| what does O tell the unfaithful maids? | clean the house and the dead bodies |
| eurclearia runs to p to tell her that O returned, p is unsure and tentative, why? | thinks it's a trick from the gods |
| how does P test O to make sure he's really him? | secret signs that only they know |
| why is P and O bed special? | no mortal can move it and there is a tree trunk as a bed post |
Created by:
Meili21
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