Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Computer Networks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| computer network | two or more computers connected via communication devices and media |
| Internet | a collection of networks that link billions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals |
| NPL | British network |
| ARPANET | US network |
| CYCLADES | French network |
| World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) | oversees research and sets standards and guidelines |
| Internet 2 (I2) | develops and tests advanced Internet technologies |
| Internet Service Provider (ISP) | company that provides access to the Internet to users or subscribers of its service |
| Tier 1 | very high capacity WANs operated by very large telecom companies |
| Tier 2 | regional WANs operated by large telecom companies |
| Local Access ISPs | smaller WANs |
| dial-up access | for connecting to the Internet; home or business; computer, modem regular telephone line |
| high speed access | for connecting to the Internet; home or business; digital subscriber line |
| World Wide Web | an information space of the Internet where electronic documents are identified by URL and interlinked by hyperlinks |
| web browser | addition to ISP; software application that allows you to access and view web pages via their URL |
| search engine | software program that searches for information on the web |
| web crawler | a bot that constantly browses web sites to update an index |
| Personal Area Network (PAN) | phone and headset size network |
| Local Area Network (LAN) | a single building/campus network |
| Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) | a community/city network |
| Wide Area Network (WAN) | cities/countries network |
| star topology | computers are connected to a central computer; all communications must go through the central computer; basis for most Wifi networks |
| bus topology | all computers on the network can communicate with each other; Ethernet networks use this |
| hub | small bus with several inputs connecting computers in a small area to the bus network |
| repeater | device to connect two bus networks; amplifies signals |
| bridge | device to connect two bus networks; any signals intended for a computer on the origin side are returned; only signals mean too r computer on the other side of the bridge are passed through; more efficient than repeater for big networks |
| switch | like a bridge but it connects more than 2 bus networks |
| router | a computer for connecting incompatible networks |
| twisted-pair wire | regular phone lines; simplest and slowest |
| coaxial cable | standard cable lines; copper wires surrounded by thick insulation |
| fiber optics | fast, accurate, durable; electrons translated into light pulses; insanely expensive |
| Client/Server Model | clients make requests; device on network is considered a server and other networks are considered clients; servers satisfy the requests of clients |
| Peer to Peer (P2P) Model | devices on network provide service to and receive services from each other |
| distributed systems | type of network communication; programs that are executed on different computers |
| Cluster Computing | many independent computers work together to provide computating services comparable to a larger coputer |
| Grid Computer | members of grid volunteer their computing power to the grid while not in use for themselves |
| Cloud Computing | generally owned; huge pools of shared computers can be allocated for use by clients as needed |
| redundancy | additional instances of network devices, equipment, and communications mediums are installed within the network infrastructure to ensure the network availability in case a device fails or is unavailable |
| latency | amount of time a signal takes to traverse a network |
| sensor network | devices distributed throughout a network to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, pressure, sound, etc. |
| Network Interface Cards (NICs) | expansion card to connect to Ethernet |
| Bluetooth | a type of short range wireless interconnection |
| bandwidth | bit-rate of available information capacity |
| Internet Protocol (IP) | manages how data travels on the Internet |
| IPv4 | current 32 bit IP address format; allows for roughly 4 billion unique addresses |
| IPv6 | multi-year transition to 128-bit IP address format happening right now |
| routers | devices on Internet to keep packets moving; chooses best path to take at each intersection |
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) | |
| scalable | work with small and large networks |
| redundant | have repeated elements |
| fault tolerant | because of redundancy, networks won't collapse when part of it breaks down |
| web page | electronic document; must follow HTTP protocol |
| World Wide Web | collection of web pages |
| website | collection of related web pages |
| hyperlinks | built-in connections to other documents |
| Domain Name System (DNS) | associates text names with device IP addresses |
| DNS Servers | connect to Internet setup in a hierarchy to store and look up IP addresses |
| DNS spoofing | when a hacker breaks into a DNS server and assigns the wrong IP address to a domain name; sends web page users to an imposter website when they are vulnerable |
| registrars | agencies assigned by ICANN |
| Top Level Domain (TLD) | suffix ont he end of a domain name |
| sub domains | user that registers a domain name can extend that name to obtain identifiers for items that belong to that domain |
| Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) | programming language used to created documents to be displayed on the web |
| Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) | style definitions used in HTML |
| Java Applets | programs embedded into an HTML document |
| Java Server Pages (JSP) | small pieces of executable code intertwined with traditional HTML content that are executed by the computer hosting the web page |
| information security | the protection of data (information) |
| confidentiality | prevents your personal data from being leaked |
| data integrity | makes sure only certain people/software have access to change data |
| malware | malicious software transferred to/executed on a computer |
| virus | inserts itself into existing programs to corrupt data |
| worms | autonomous program forwards itself to other computers |
| Trojan Horses | enters disguised as harmless program |
| spyware/sniffing software | collections info about computer activities and reports back to instigator |
| phishing | obtaining into from victim and pretending to be benign |
| Denial of Service (DoS) | overloads a computer with messages to distort activity |
| spoofing | a computer pretending to be another computer by faking its IP address |
| spam | unwanted junk email; not generally malicious |
| firewall | network software that blocks dangerous/inappropriate messages from going in or out |
| proxy server | limits access; software between client and server shielding client from harmful actions of the server |
| antivirus software | software to detect and remove viruses and/or spyware |
| spam filter | firewall intended to block unwanted mail; learns to identify spam by users reactions |
| passwords | controls access to network but not data once it leaves the network |
| encryption | coding and decoding messages so that if they are intercepted they cannot be interpreted |
| symmetric encryption | sender and receiver have to have same encryption code |
| public key encryption | public and private keys; public= always to send; private = opens |
| digital certificates | used by to ensure website downloading is actually a secure website |
| CAPTCHA | software to verify that a web form is submitted by a human not a machine |
| intellectual property | original work to which one has the rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright or trademark |
| copyright | the exclusive legal right to print, publish, sell, etc. the expression of an idea and authorize others to do the same |
| patent | for inventions |
| trademark | for identifiers like company names and logos |
| World Intellectual Property Organization | an agency of the United Nations to promote and protect intellectual property |
| Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) | a 1998 US copyright law intended to protect the rights of both the copyright owners and consumers which are usually in conflict |
| Creative Commons License | license that enables free distribution of copyrighted work; owner sets up rules for the sharing of and building upon their work |
| Open Source Software | license for software that makes the source code available for others to study, change, and distribute for any purpose; encourages a collaborative environment |
| Crowd Sourcing | getting input or information from a large number of people, paid or unpaid |
| Citizen Science | when professional scientists and people from the general public collaborate on specific studies |
| net neutrality | the principle that Internet service providers and governments regulating the Internet should treat all data on the Internet the same, not discriminating or charging differentially |
Created by:
catherine_alexander
Popular Computers sets