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Ch. 20 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Apple menu | In OS X, the menu that appears when the user clicks the Apple icon in the upper-left corner of the screen. |
| application virtualization | Using this virtualization, a virtual environment is created in memory for an application to virtually install itself. |
| Application Virtualization (App-V) | Software by Microsoft used for application virtualization. |
| apt-get | A Linux and OS X command to install and remove software packages and install OS updates. |
| Bash shell | The default shell used by the terminal for many distributions of Linux. |
| Boot CAMP | A utility in OS X that allows you to install and run Windows on a Mac computer |
| client-side desktop virtualization | Using this virtualization, software installed on a desktop or laptop manages virtual machines used by the local user. |
| client-side virtualization | Using this virtualization, a personal computer provides multiple virtual environments for applications. |
| clone | In Linux and OS X, an image of the entire partition on which the OS is installed. |
| Dashboard | In OS X, a screen that contains widgets, such as a calendar, a calculator, a clock, and a weather report. |
| dd | A Linux and OS X command to copy and convert files, directories, partitions, and entire DVDs or hard drives. You must be logged in as a superuser to use the command. |
| DMG filE | In Mac OS X, a disk image file similar to WIM or ISO files in Windows. |
| dock | A bar that appears by default at the bottom of the screen and contains program icons and shortcuts to files and folders. |
| dumb terminal | A client computer that does not have an operating system and merely provides an interface between the user and the server. |
| dump | In Linux, a collection of data that is copied to a backup media. |
| emulator | A virtual machine that emulates hardware, such as the hardware buttons on a Smartphone. |
| ext3 | The Linux file system that was the first to support journaling, which is a technique that tracks and stores changes to the hard drive and helps prevent file system corruption. |
| ext4 | The current Linux file system, which replaced the ext3 file system. Stands for "fourth extended file system. |
| fat client | A regular desktop computer or laptop that is sometimes used as a client by a virtualization server. Also called fat client. |
| Finder | An app embedded in Mac OS X that functions similar to File Explorer in Windows; use it to find and access files and applications in OS X. |
| force quit | In OS X, to abruptly end an app without allowing the app to go through its close process. |
| gestures | In OS X, finger movements on a touch screen or the trackpad of a Mac computer. |
| grep | A Linux and OS X command to search for and display a specific pattern of characters in a file or in multiple files. |
| GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader | The current Linux boot loader, which can handle dual boots with another OS installed on the system. |
| hardware-assisted virtualization | A feature of a processor whereby it can provide enhanced support for hypervisor software to run virtual machines on a system. |
| hypervisor | Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer. |
| ifconfig | A Linux and OS X command similar to the Windows ipconfig command that displays details about network interfaces and can enable and disable an interface. |
| iwconfig | A Linux and OS X command similar to ifconfig, but applies only to wireless networks. Use it to display information about a wireless interface and configure a wireless adapter |
| kernel panic | A Linux or OS X error from which it cannot recover, similar to a blue screen of death in Windows. |
| Keychain | In OS X, a built-in password manager utility. |
| Launchpad | In OS X, the screen that shows all apps installed on the computer, similar to the Windows 8 Start screen. |
| LILO (LInux boot LOader) | The current Linux boot loader, which can handle dual boots with another OS installed on the system. |
| Linux | An OS based on UNIX that was created by Linus Torvalds of Finland. Basic versions of this OS are open source, and all the underlying programming instructions are freely distributed. |
| live CD | In Linux, a CD, DVD, or flash drive that can boot up a live version of Linux, complete with Internet access and all the tools you normally have available in a hard drive installation of Linux, but without installing the OS on the hard drive. |
| local snapshot | In OS X, the temporary backups that Time Machine creates when the Mac is not connected to the backup media. When the media is later available, local snapshots are copied to the media. |
| login item | In OS X, programs that are automatically launched after a user logs in. Login items are managed in the Users & Groups utility in System Preferences. |
| Mission Control | In OS X, a utility and screen that gives an overview of all open windows and thumbnails of the Dashboard and desktops. |
| multiple desktops | A feature of Mission Control in OS X, where several desktop screens, each with its own collection of open windows, are available to the user. |
| NetBoot | A technology that allows a Mac to boot from the network and then install OS X on the machine from a clone DMG file stored on the server. |
| OS X | The latest version of the proprietary operating system only available for Macintosh computers by Apple Inc. (apple.com). OS X was originally based on UNIX. |
| presentation virtualization | Using this virtualization, a remote application running on a server is controlled by a local computer. |
| Recovery System | In OS X, a lean operating system that boots from a hidden volume on the OS X startup disk and is used to troubleshoot OS X when startup errors occur. |
| Remote Disc | A feature of OS X that gives other computers on the network access to the Mac's optical drive. |
| root account | In Linux and OS X, the account that gives the user access to all the functions of the OS; the principal user account. |
| Screen Sharing | In OS X, a utility to remotely view and control a Mac and is similar to Remote Assistance in Windows. |
| secondary click | In OS X, right-click the mouse or tap the lower-right corner of the trackpad on a Mac laptop. |
| server-side virualization | Using this virtualization, a server provides a virtual desktop or application for users on multiple client machines. |
| shel prompt | In Linux and OS X, the command prompt in the terminal |
| Space | In OS X, one desktop screen is called a Space. Multiple desktops or Spaces can be open and available to users. |
| Spotlight | In OS X, the search app that can be configured to search the local computer, Wikipedia, iTunes, the Maps app, the web, and more. |
| startup disk | In OS X, the entire volume on which OS X is installed. |
| startup item | In OS X, programs that automatically launch at startup. |
| su | A Linux and OS X command to open a new terminal shell for a different user account. Stands for "substitute user." |
| sudo | A Linux and OS X command to execute another command as a superuser when logged in as a normal user with an account that has the right to use root commands. Stands for "substitute user to do the command." |
| superuser | Refers to a Linux or Mac OS X user who is logged in to the root account. |
| System Prefrences | In OS X, a utility to customize the OS X interface and is available on the Apple menu. |
| terminal | In Linux and OS X, the command-line interface. |
| thick client | A regular desktop computer or laptop that is sometimes used as a client by a virtualization server. Also called fat client. |
| thin client | A computer that has an operating system, but has little computing power and might only need to support a browser used to communicate with a virtualization server. |
| Time Machine | In OS X, a built-in backup utility that can be configured to automatically back up user-created data, applications, and system files onto an external hard drive attached either directly to the computer or through the local network. |
| Type 1 hypervisor | Software to manage virtual machines that is installed before any operating system is installed. |
| Type 2 hypervisor | Software to manage virtual machines that is installed as an application in an operating system. |
| ultra-thin client | A client computer that does not have an operating system and merely provides an interface between the user and the server. |
| vi editor | A Linux and OS X text editor that works in command mode (to enter commands) or in insert mode (to edit text). |
| Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) | A presentation of a virtual desktop made to a client computer by a server that is serving up a virtual machine. |
| virtual machine manager (VMM) | Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer. |
| virtualization | When one physical machine hosts multiple activities that are normally done on multiple machines. |
| zero client | A client computer that does not have an operating system and merely provides an interface between the user and the server. |
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drewtang40
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