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BIOtest2
bio2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 DNA nucleotides | A, C, T, G |
| which nucleotides pair together? | A pairs with T, C pairs with G |
| What is the DNA backbone made of? | made of sugar and phosphate groups. nucleotides join togheter with hydrogen bonds. |
| DNA is replicated when? | S-phase |
| What is the model of DNA replication? | is Semi-Conservative model. |
| What is the rate of replication in eukaryotic cells? | 50 nt/s |
| What enezyme adds nucleotides to replicaing DNA | DNA ploymerase performs several functions including adding nucleotides to replicating DNA |
| How big is the human genome | 3.9 billion nucletides (bases) |
| Transcription occurs where | nucleus |
| Transcription is what | the transfer of information from DNA to mRNA, mRNA then leaves the nuclear pore and is revieved by ribosome |
| function of mRna | ribosomes translates mRNA into a string of amino acid monomers called polypeptide chain |
| what is tRNA | resp. for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome as written codons on the mRNA |
| What is a codon? | 3 nucletide word that translated in the ribosome into amino acid |
| What is a base (nucleotide) insertion/ deletion? | a base insertion/ deletion is the addition or subtraction of a nucleotide |
| What is a base subsitution? | is change of a single nucleotide |
| What are the results of these mutations? | mutation could be beneficial, neutral or negative. If codon translates into the same amino acid then there is no effect. |
| What type of mutation causes sickle cell? | a base subsitution |
| Somatic cell nucleur trasnfer | Diploid nuclues is removed from somatic cell and transferred into eff in which eggs haploid necleus was removed. |
| Terapeutic cloning | used to create specific lines of cells that may ultimately be used for tissues or oragans |
| Reproductive cloning leads to | offspring |
| What most likely caused Dolly to die prematurely | DNA contained within the somatic cell nucleus was used in cloning process likely carried a lot of mutations. |
| Signal Trasduction Pathway | gp. of cellular components and chemicals that participate in the transmission of info. |
| Signal Trasduction exp. | substate binding to a receptor embedded on the plasma membrane of the cell. |
| What are proto-oncogenes | is a gene necessary for normal cell activity that, when mutated, leads to oncogene |
| What is an oncogene | gene that could lead to the growth of a tumor |
| ex. of proto oncogene? | ras, which codes for a relaty protein in a signal transdution pathway |
| Tumor suppressor? | inhibits cellular proliferation. |
| The location of a gene on a chromosome is referred to as a | loci |
| which of the following is a lethal dominant disorder with symptons that dont appear till middle age? | Huntington's disease |
| What % of females eggs carry an x chromosome? | 100% |
| when a single gene affects many phenotypic characteristics, this is referred to as? | pleiotropy |
| for a sex-linked recessive disorder, if a mother is carrier and the father is normal, what is the probablity that they will have a son with the recessive disease? | 25% |
| which of the following is a sex-linked disorder | hemophilia |
| Many clonded animales are sub. to disease and pre mature aging because the donor nucleus probably already has suffered damage to the DNA | true |
| Once a donor nucleus has been implanted into an eff, the egg is subjected to an electrical shock to stimulate cellular division | true |
| adult stem cells from bone marrow can differentiate into any type of somaic cell | false |
| which of the following is a vector used in human gene therapy | virus |
| once a plasmid has been removed from bacteria, what would you use to cut it open | restriction enzyme |
| once a plasmic has been cut open, what wouldbe used to glue a gene of intrest in? | ligase |
| what technique is used to sep. DNA into visable bands? | gel electrophorsis |
| in PCR, in which step does DNA sep into 2 stands | denature |
| the human gene is apox. how big | 2.9 billion |
| All DNA in human genome is packaged as genes | false |
| DNA is post. charge | false |
| which of the following is a random evolutionary process | genetic drift |
| darwin was the first person to pose idea of evolution | false |
| which one of the following provides the raw material for evolution to occur | mutations |
| which process can restore genetic variation into population | gene flow |
| when a large population is drastically reduced to a small population due to some catastrophic event, this is referred to as | bottlenecking |
| in fixed species theory, all organisms radiated outward from a single common ancestor | false |
Created by:
Mollie28
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