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Genetic Terminology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Heredity | passing of genes from parent to offspring |
chromosome | genetic material contained within a cell |
gene | a section of a chromosome that is passed from parents to offspring |
genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism or cell |
phenotype | the physical appearance/makeup of an organism |
true breed | plants that create genetically identical offspring |
hybrid | offspring of true breeds |
dominant trait | a gene that all offspring will express if ONE parent passes it along |
recessive trait | a gene that offspring will express ONLY if BOTH parents pass it along |
codominance | where both traits are present (expressed) |
incomplete dominance | when both traits are blended to get a new trait |
punnett squares | used to determine the genotype and phenotypes of offspring for a given set of parents |
allele | a pair of genes within a chromosome (TT, Tt, tt) |
homozygous | both alleles are the SAME for each parent (TT or tt) |
heterozygous | alleles are DIFFERENT for each parent (Tt) |