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Reproductive System3
Duke PA Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the early primary follicles? | at the beginning, one layer of cells around the egg (granulosa cells) |
| Is the hypothalamus controlling regulation in the early primary follicle? | no |
| What differentiates a late primary follicle from an early primary follicle? | additional layers of cells |
| What do the theca cells do? | produce androgen |
| What hormone controls production of androgen in theca cells? | LH |
| What do granulosa cells do? | convert testosterone to estrogen |
| What is required to convert testosterone to estrogen? | aromatase |
| What hormone works on granulosa cells? | FSH |
| What is the first layer of cells around the egg? | granulosa cells |
| What is the second layer of cells around the egg? | theca cells |
| When does a female have the highest number of oocytes? | before birth |
| How many oocytes does a female have at birth? | 20 million |
| How many oocytes does a female have at puberty? | 400-500 ova |
| At what point in the cell cycle are oocytes arrested? | meiosis - remain dormant until adulthood |
| What is menopause? | when female runs out of eggs |
| What is atresia? | apoptosis of eggs, eggs degenerate and are reabsorbed by the ovary |
| What happen to the oocyte at ovulation? | first meiotic division |
| What part of the cell cycle occurs at fertilization? | second meiotic division |
| What signal do estrogen and progesterone have on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary? | inhibitory |
| How is early primary follicle growing? | GD9 |
| What is early primary follicle producing? | estrogen |
| What happens to granulosa cells as follicle grows? | granulosa cells increase |
| What type of feedback is FSH? | positive feedback - making cell sensitive to FSH |
| What other type of receptors are growing on follicle as it grows? | LH |
| What is the graffian follicle? | the chosen ovum to be ovulated |
| What does the ovum leave when it is ovulated? | granulosa cells |
| What do the leftover granulose cells secrete? | progesterone and estrogen |
| What is the mid-cycle spike? | surge of LH and FSH |
| How many hours from the surge of LH and FSH does ovulation occur? | 36 hours |
| What does the leftover follicle turn into after ovulation? | corpus luteum |
| What does the corpus luteum secrete? | progesterone and estrogen |
| What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle? | follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase |
| How does the circulating estrogen affect the uterus? | causes proliferation of the glands of the uterus |
| What do the glands secrete in the uterus? | glycogen |
| What causes the uterus to grow? | estrogen |
| What causes the secretory phase in the uterus? | progesterone |
| What causes the proliferation phase in the uterus? | estrogen |
| What is the fertilized egg looking for in the endometrium of the uterus? | glycogen, it digs into the lining of the uterus |
| What do you lose in menses? | lining of the uterus |
| What hormone is secreted if fertilization occurs? | HCG |
| What does estrogen cause? | expression of the estrogen receptor in the uterus and the breast, as well as progesterone receptors in both tissues |
| What can unopposed estrogen cause? | cancer |
| What is important in oral contraception? | progesterone - so, pill is estrogen/progesterone |
| Would you ever give unopposed estrogen in a fertile female? | no |
| What does progesterone do? | inhibits the expression of estrogen receptors |
| What is the negative feedback for estrogen? | progesterone |
| How do estrogen and progesterone work? | steroid hormone - changing transcription within the cells - effect number of receptors |
| What is tamoxifen? | anti-estrogen receptor |
Created by:
ges13
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