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SC2110 Chp 5
Digestive System Combining Forms
| Combining Form | Meaning | Terminology |
|---|---|---|
| an/o | anus | Perianal- |
| append/o | appendix | appendectomy- |
| appendic/o | appendix | appendicitis- |
| bucc/o | cheek | buccal mucosa- A mucosa is a mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body. |
| cec/o | cecum | cecal- |
| celi/o | belly, abdomen | celiac- Abdomin/o and lapar/o also mean abdomen. With combining forms that have the same basic meaning, no rule exists for the proper usage of one or the other. You will learn to recognize each in its proper context. |
| cheil/o | lip | cheilosis- Labi/o also means lip. |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder | cholecystectomy- Chol/e = gall, bile. |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct | choledochotomy - |
| col/o | colon | colostomy- The suffi x -stomy, when used with a combining form for an organ, means an opening to the outside of the body. A stoma is an opening between an organ and the surface of the body |
| colon/o | colon | colonic- colonoscopy- |
| dent/i | tooth | dentibuccal- odont/o also means tooth |
| duoden/o | duodemum | duodenal- |
| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestine | enterocolitis- When two combining forms for gastrointestinal organs are in a term, the one for the organ closer to the mouth appears first. |
| enter/o | another example | entero enterostomy New opening between 2 previously unconnected parts of the small intestine. This is an anastomosis, which is any surgical connection between 2 parts, such as vessels, ducts, or bowel segments (ana = up, stom = opening, -sis = state |
| enter/o | another example | mesentery- The double fold of peritoneum that stretches around organs in the abdomen, mesentery holds the organs in place. It lies in the middle (mes-) ofthe intestines, membrane attaching the intestines 2 the muscle wall at the back of the abdomen |
| enter/o again | another example | parenteral- Par (from para-) means apart from in this term. An intravenous line brings parenteral nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the intestinal tract . Parenteral injections may be subcutaneous or intramuscular as well. |
| esophag/o | esophagus | esophageal- Note: Changing the suffi x from -al to -eal softens the fi nal g ( ĕ -s ŏ f- ă -J Ē - ă l). |
| faci/o | face | facial |
| gastr/o | stomach | gastrostomy- |
| gingiv/o | gums | gingivitis- |
| gloss/o | tongue | hypoglossal- Lingu/o also means tongue. |
| hepat/o | liver | hepatoma- Also called hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| ile/o | ileum | ileocecal sphincter- Also called the ileocecal valve. ileitis- ileostomy- |
| jejun/o | jejunum | choledochojejunostomy- An anastomosis. gastrojejunostomy- This is part of a gastric bypass procedure |
| labi/o | lip labial- | labial- |
| lapar/o | abdomen | lapar oscopy A form of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Examples are laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy. |
| lingu/o | tongue sublingual | sublingual- |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw, mandible | submandibular- |
| odont/o | tooth | orthodontist- Orth/o means straight. periodontist- endodontist- Performs root canal therapy. |
| palat/o | palate | palatoplasty- Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip; repair of a cleft palate. |
| pancreat/o | pancreas | pancreatitis- |
| peritone/o | peritoneum | peritonitis- The e of the root has been dropped in this term. |
| pharyng/o | throat | pharyngeal- |
| proct/o | anus and rectum | palatopharyngoplasty- Used to treat cases of snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose. |
| pylor/o | pyloric sphincter | pyloroplasty- |
| rect/o | rectum | rectocele- |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland | sialadenitis- |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon | sigmoidoscopy- |
| stomat/o | mounth | stomatitis- |
| uvul/o | uvula | uvulectomy- |
| SUBSTANCES | ||
| amyl/o | starch | amylase- The suffi x -ase means enzyme. |
| bil/i | gall, bile | biliary- The biliary tract includes the organs (liver and gallbladder) and ducts (hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts) that secrete, store, and empty bile into the duodenum |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin (bile pigment) | hyperbilirubinemia- |
| chol/e | gall, bile | cholelithiasis- Lith/o means stone or calculus; -iasis means abnormal condition. |
| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid | achlorhydria- Absence of gastric juice is associated with gastric carcinoma. |
| gluc/o | sugar | gluconeogenesis- Liver cells make new sugar from fats and proteins. |
| glyc/o | sugar | hyperglycemia- |
| glycogen/o | glycogen, animal starch | glycogenolysis- Liver cells change glycogen back to glucose when blood sugar levels drop. |
| lip/o | fat, lipid | lipoma- |
| lith/o | stone | lithogenesis- |
| prote/o | protein | protease- |
| py/o | pus | pyorrhea- Periodontitis; an advanced stage of periodontal disease (gingivitis). |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary | sialolith- |
| steat/o | fat | steatorrhea- Improperly digested (malabsorbed) fats will appear in the feces. |
| SUFFIXES | ||
| -ase | enzyme | lipase- Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Lipase aids in digestion of fats.In all types of liver disease, enzyme levels may be up, indicating damage to liver cells.Signs and symptoms include malaise, anorexia, hepatomegaly, jaundice, & abdominal pain. |
| -chezia | defecation, elimination of wastes | hematochezia- (h ē -m ă -t ō -K Ē -z ē - ă ) Bright red blood is found in the feces. |
| -iasis | abnormal condition | choledocholithiasis- |
| -prandial | meal | post prandial- Post cibum (p.c.), seen on written prescriptions, also means after meals. |
| or/o | mouth oral- | oral- Stomat/o also means mouth. |
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timelissa71511
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