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Cells Chapter 3
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lesson 1 | What is heredity |
| trait | specific characteristic that an organism can pass through its genes |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | the process in s**ual reproduction in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new cell |
| purebred | an offspring from many generations that has the same form of traits |
| gene | sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring |
| allele | different forms of genes |
| dominant allele | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | an allele that is hidden when the dominant allele is present |
| hybrid | an offspring of crosses that have two different allele for traits |
| heredity | the passing of traits |
| Lesson 2 | Probability and heredity |
| punnett square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that result from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | An organism's physical features, visible traits |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles for a certain gene |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup or allele combos |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for one certain gene |
| probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an particular event will occur |
| Lesson 3 | Patterns of inheritance |
| incomplete dominance | situation where one allele is not completely dominant over the other |
| codominance | a situation where both alleles were expressed equally |
| multiple alleles | three or more possible alleles of a gene that determine the trait. |
| polygenic inheritance | the inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or more traits |
| Lesson 4 | chromosomes and inheritance |
| meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation of s** by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |