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Ch 5
Membrane Dynamics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| simple and facilitated diffusion and osmosis are active or passive? | Passive |
| Phagocytosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis are examples of active or passive transport | Active |
| List 4 factors that increase the rate of diffusion in air | greater concentration gradient, smaller distance, higher temperature, and smaller molecular size |
| list 3 physical methods by which materials enter the cell | simple diffusion, protein-mediated transport, or vesicular transport |
| A contransporter is a protein that moves more than one molecule at a time. If the molecules are moved in the same direction, the transporter are called________ carriers. | symport |
| Distinguish between active and passive transport | active: requires energy passive: use energy stored in a concentration gradient |
| List the four functions of membrane proteins | structural proteins, transporter proteins, receptors, and enzymes |
| if the molecules are transported in opposite directions, they are called____________ carriers | antiport |
| A transport protein that moves only one substrate is called a(n)_________ carrier. | uniport |
| the two types of active transport are | primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) |
| a molecule that moves freely between the intercellular and extracellular compartments is said to be a(n)_____ solute. A molecule that is not able to enter cells is called a(n)_____ solute. | penetrating nonpenetrating |
| what determines the osmolality of a solution? | concentration of osmotically active transports |
| in what units is body osmolality usually expressed? | osmol/L or |
| what does it mean if we say that a solution is hypotonic to a cell? Hypertonic to the same cell? | net flux into the cell at equilibrium Net water loss at equilibrium |
| what determines the tonicity of a solution relative to a cell? | is determined by relative concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes in cell versus solution |
| The membrane potential at which the electrical gradient exactly opposes the concentration gradient for an ion is known as____ | equilibrium potential |
| A material that allows free movement of electrical charges is called a(n) ______, whereas one that prevents this movement is called a(n)_______ | conductor insulator |
| True or false: primary active transport uses the potential energy stored in a concentration gradient and is indirectly driven by energy from ATP | false |
| Chemical gradient | concentration gradient |
| Electrical gradient | separation of chemical charge |
| electrochemical gradient | includes both concentration and electrical gradient |
| hypertonic | cell shrinks |
| isotonic | cell doesn't change size |
| hypotonic | cell swells |
| water moves freely between a semipermeable membrane is known as | osmosis |
| Bulk flow is | a pressure gradient that moves a fluid along with its dissolved and suspended materials |
| True or False: carrier proteins never form a continuous connection between the intracellular and extracellular fluid. they bind to substrates, then change conformation | True |
| True or false: In secondary active transport the energy comes from ATP | False |
Created by:
mramir06
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