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Maintenance Chp 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autodetection | A feature of UEFI/BIOS that detects a new drive and automatically selects the correct drive capacity and configuration, including the best possible standard supported by both the hard drive and the motherboard. |
| BCD (Boot Configuration Data) | ... |
| BD-R | Stands for BD (Blu-ray Disc) recordable. |
| BD-RE | Stands for BD (Blu-ray Disc) rewriteable |
| Blu-Ray Disk | An optical disc technology that uses the UDF version 2.5 file system and a blue laser beam, which is shorter than any red beam used by DVD or CD discs. The shorter blue laser beam allows Blu-ray discs to store more data than a DVD |
| bootrec | A Windows command used to repair the BCD (Boot Configuration Data) and boot sectors |
| CD | An optical disc technolog that uses a red laser beam and can hold up to 700 MB of data |
| CDFS | The 32-bit file system for CD discs and some CD-R and CD-RW discs. Also see Universal Disk Format (UDF). |
| CD-ROM | Stands for CD-read-only memory. |
| CD-RW | Stands for CD rewriteable. |
| chkdsk | A Windows command to verify the hard drive does not have bad sectors that can corrupt the file system. |
| CompactFlash (CF) card | A flash memory device that allows for sizes up to 137 GB, although current sizes range up to 32 GB. |
| data cartridge | A full-sized cartridge that holds data and is used in a tape drive. |
| defragmentation tool | A utility or command to rewrite a file to a disk in one contiguous chain of clusters, thus speeding up data retrieval. |
| diskpart | A Windows command to manage hard drives, partitions, and volumes |
| DVD | A technology used by optical discs that uses a red laser beam and can hold up to 17 GB of data. |
| DVD-ROM | DVD read-only memory. |
| DVD-RW | DVD rewriteable memory. |
| DVD-RW DL | DVD rewriteable memory, dual layers. Dual layers almost double the storage capacity of DVD-RW discs |
| embedded MMC (eMMC) | Internal storage used instead of using a solid-state drive (SSD) in inexpensive mobile devices such as cell phones, tablets, and laptops. |
| external enclosure | A housing designed to store hard drives external from the computer. |
| eSATA | A standard for external drives based on SATA that uses a special external shielded SATA cable up to 2 meters long |
| fault tolerance | The degree to which a system can tolerate failures. Adding redundant components, such as disk mirroring or disk duplexing, is a way to build in fault tolerance |
| file system | The overall structure that an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a disk. Examples of file systems are NTFS and FAT32. Windows is always installed on a volume that uses the NTFS file system. |
| format | The Windows command to prepare a hard drive volume, logical drive, or USB flash drive for use by placing tracks and sectors on its surface to store information (for example, format d:). This process erases all data on the device. |
| HDD | The main secondary storage device of a computer. Two technologies are currently used by hard drives: magnetic and solid state. Also called hard disk drive (HDD). |
| hot-swapping | The ability to plug or unplugdevices without first powering down the system. USB devices are hot-swappable. |
| hybrid HDD | A hard drive that uses both magnetic and solid-state drive (SSD) technologies. The bulk of storage uses the magnetic component, and a storage buffer on the drive is made of an SSD component. Windows ReadyDrive supports hybrid hard drives |
| low-level formating | A process (usually performed at the factory) that electronically creates the hard drive tracks and sectors, and tests for bad spots on the disk surface. Compare with highlevel formatting. |
| magnetic HDD | One of two technologies used by hard drives where data is stored as magnetic spots on disks that rotate at a high speed. Compare with solid-state drive (SSD). |
| minicartridge | A tape drive cartridge that is only 3¼ x 2½ x 3/5 inches. It is small enough to allow two drives to fit into a standard 5-inch drive bay of a PC case. |
| mirrored volume | The term used by Windows for the RAID 1 level that duplicates data on one drive to another drive and is used for fault tolerance. Also see RAID 1. |
| MultiMediaCard (MMC) | A compact storage card that looks like an SD card, but the technology is different and they are not interchangeable. Generally, SD cards are faster than MMC cards. |
| NAND flash memory | The type of memory used in solid-state drives (SSD). NAND stands for "Not AND" and refers to the logic used when storing a 1 or 0 in the grid of rows and columns on the memory chip. |
| RAID | Several methods of configuring multiple hard drives to store data to increase logical volume size and improve performance, or to ensure that if one hard drive fails, the data is still available from another hard drive. |
| RAID 0 | Using space from two or more physical disks to increase the disk space available for a single volume. Performance improves because data is written evenly across all disks. Windows calls RAID 0 a striped volume. Also called striping or striped volume. |
| RAID 1 | A type of drive imaging that duplicates data on one drive to another drive and is used for fault tolerance. Windows calls RAID 1 a mirrored volume. Also called mirrored volume. |
| RAID 10 or RAID 1+0 | A combination of RAID 1 and RAID 0 that requires at least four disks to work as an array of drives and provides the best redundancy and performance. |
| RAID 5 | A technique that stripes data across three or more drives and uses parity checking, so that if one drive fails, the other drives can re-create the data stored on the failed drive. RAID 5 drives increase performance and provide fault tolerance. Windows cal |
| RAID-5 volume | The term used by Windows for RAID 5. |
| read/write head | A sealed, magnetic coil device that moves across the surface of a disk in a magnetic hard disk drive (HDD) either reading data from or writing data to the disk. |
| Secure Digital (SD) card | A type of memory card used in digital cameras, tablets, cell phones, MP3 players, digital camcorders, and other portable devices. The three standards used by SD cards are 1.x (regular SD), 2.x (SD High Capacity or SDHC), and 3.x (SD eXtended Capacity or S |
| sequential access | A method of data access used by tape drives, whereby data is written or read sequentially from the beginning to the end of the tape or until the desired data is found. |
| SATA | An ATAPI interface standard for hard drives, optical drives, and other drives that uses a narrower and more reliable cable than the 80-conductor cable and is easier to configure than PATA systems. Also see parallel ATA. |
| S.M.A.R.T | self monitoring analysis and reporting technology |
| smart card reader | A device that can read a smart card used to authenticate a person onto a network |
| Solid State device | An electronic device with no moving parts. A storage device that uses memory chips to store data instead of spinning disks (such as those used by magnetic hard drives and CD drives). |
| SSD (Solid State Drive) | A hard drive that has no moving parts. |
| spanning | A configuration of two hard drives that hold a single Windows volume to increase the size of a volume. Sometimes called JBOD (just a bunch of disks). |
| Startup Repair | A Windows utility that restores many of the Windows files needed for a successful boot. |
| storage card | An adapter card used to manage hardware RAID rather than using the firmware on the motherboard. |
| striped volume | The term used by Windows for RAID 0. A type of dynamic volume used for two or more hard drives that writes to the disks evenly rather than filling up allotted space on one and then moving on to the next. |
| UDF | A file system for optical media used by all DVD discs and some CD-R and CD-RW discs. |
| wear leveling | A technique used on a solid-state drive (SSD) that ensures the logical block addressing does not always address the same physical blocks in order to distribute write operations more evenly across the device. |
| xD-Picture Card | A type of flash memory device that has a compact design and currently holds up to 8 GB of data |
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