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CCNA 1-2
Studying for CCNA exam Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Same-Layer Interaction | communication between two network devices for the purpose of functions at a particular network layer. To communicate they use the headers and sometimes trailers defined by the particular layer. The devices set values to in the headers and trailers. |
| Segment (TCP) | TCP: The PDU at the Transport layer, layer 4...also the process of accepting a large chunck of data from the application layer and breaking it into peices to fit TCP segments |
| Segment (Ethernet) | Ethernet: either a single cable or a single collision domain (no matter how many cables are used) |
| adjacent-layer interaction | layers interacting with each other within one device...(lower layer porvide service to the higher layer) |
| de-encapsulation | the process in which a recieving device interperates then removes the headers and possibly trailers of the PDU |
| en-capsulation | the placement of values into the PDU headers and trailers to provide info to the higher layers |
| Frame | The PDU at the data-link layer that is the only layer to include both the header and trailer...(Preamble SFD MACdestination MACsource Type| data | FCS) |
| Networking model | the layout of protocols and standards used for devices to communicate examples: TCP/IP & OSI models |
| Packet | The header & data unit at the Networking layer |
| What are the TCP/IP model layers? | 5. Application 4. Transport 3. Networking 2. Data-link 1. Physical |
| What are the OSI model layers? | 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Networking 2. Data-link 1. Physical |
| Protocol Data Unit (PDU) | The headers, trailers, and data associated with a specific layer. Including, segment, packet, frames |
| HTTP | Hypertext Transfer Protocol...An application layer protocol that allows a user to make the request for a web page and return the contents of the webpage… is the URL of most web address meaning that HTTP is used to transfer these web pages |
| SOHO | Small office/home office LAN |
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| WAN | Wide Area Network made up of many LANs that are connected through service provider's leased lines. This mostly implements OSI layers 1&2. |
| OSI | Open System Interconnections... one of the first vendor nutural Networking Model created by the ISO that consists of 7 layers |
| TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ... Developed by Department of Defence (DOD) and now the most commanly used Networking model. Consists of 5 layers |
| Collision Domain | a network segment connected by shared medium where data packets can collied and cause errors |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers... they defined the Ethernet standards used today |
| UTP | Unshielded Twisted Pair... type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources. Used in telephone systems and Ethernet networks. |
| Enterprise network | a network created by one corporation for the purpose of allowing employees to communicate |
| What are two other names for a Networking Model? | Networking architecture and networking blueprints |
| Ethernet | is a set of network standards that are defined by IEEE 802.3 and have roles in the Pysical and Data Link layers... They define cabeling and connector standards and protocol rules. |
| What are the two cabeling materials used in a wired network? | Copper and fiber glass |
| How do copper cables send data over the wired network? (physically) | UTP cables send data over electrical circuits |
| How do fiber glass cables send data over the wired network? (physically) | Optical cables send data using light over glass fibers |
| What type of wired networking cable is more expensive? | fiber glass/optical |
| What type of wired networking cable scan travel further? | fiber glass/optical |
| what is the suffix for the IEEE 802.3 copper cabeling standard? | what is the cable standard 802.3T? |
| what is the suffix for the IEEE 802.3 fiber optic cabeling standard? | what is the cable standard 802.3X? |
| EMI | Electromagnetic interferance, interfreance between electrical cableing that can cause errors in data transmissions |
| Straight-Through cable pin out | pins locations are the same on either end of the cable. These cables work when nodes use opposite pairs for transmission Ex: NIC to Switch |
| Cross-over cable pin out | wires cross the pairs at the transmit pins on each device to the reciever pins on the opposite device. These cables are used when the devices connected to an ethernet link both transmit the same pins. Ex. NIC to NIC |
| What devices transmitt on Pins 1,2 for 10Base-T and 100Base-T? | PC NICs, Routers, WAP |
| What devices transmitt on Pins 3,6 for 10Base-T and 100Base-T? | Hubs, Switches |
| How many pairs of wires are in 10Base-T and 100Base-T? | These standards have two wired pairs (1,2) and (3,6)...one pair is for tranmitting and the other is for recieving |
| How many wire pairs does the wire standard 1000Base-T have? | This standard has 4 pairs (1,2); (3,6); (4,5); and (7,8).. this is used in more advanced electronics that allow both ends to transmit and recieve simultaniously on each wired pair |
| Name the Parts of an Ethernet frame and what they do | (Preamble - deals with syncronization) (SFD - signifies that the preamble ends) (Destination MAC - where the frame goes) (Source MAC - where the frame came from) (Type - if IPv4 or IPv6 are used in the Frame L4PDU) (FCS - used to detect e |
| MAC address | Media Access Control...802.3 (Ethernet) defines the MAC sublayer of IEEE ethernet. it is a unique 6 byte binary number denoted as a 12 digit hexidecimal number given every ETH device when manufactured. OUI assigend by IEEE and Manufacturer assigns rest. |
| OUI | Organizationally Unique Identifier... the first 3 Bytes (Half) of the MAC address assigned by IEEE |
| Ethernet address, NIC address, and LAN address | other names for the MAC address... they describe the 6-byte address of the LAN interface card |
| Burned-in address (BIA) | the 6-byte address assigned by the vendor making the card. a term for the MAC addres |
| Unicast address | a term for the MAC address that represents a single LAN interface |
| Multicast address | On Ethernet, a multicast address implies some subset of all the devices currently on the ETH LAN |
| Broadcast address | An address that means "all devices that reside on this LAN right now". the value is FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF |
| FCS | Frame Check Sequence... the data-link PDU trailer that allows for error detection. The sender applies a complex formula to the frame and stores the value in the FCS, the reciving device compares the result |
| Full Duplex | the device can send and recieve frames at the same time Ex: connections btwn switches and PCs, Telephones |
| Half Duplex | The device must wait to send if it is currently recieviing a frame; i.e. it cannot send and recieve at the same time. CSMA/CD is the algorithm used to avoid collisions EX: connections btwn nodes and hubs, walkie talkies |
| What device connects a LAN to the WAN? | Router |
| NIC | Network Interface Card...is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network |
| crosstalk | any phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel |
| Access Point (AP) | Device that allows hosts to connect wirelessly through radio waves to the network... often built into the switch or router but can be a seperate unit |
| CSMA/CD | Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection... an algorthim for half duplex networks to prevent collisions by pausing a device from sending data if it detects that it is recieving data |
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