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Chapter 15

TermDefinition
Renaissance An era renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning in Europe beginning in Italy in the 1300s.
Secular Having a worldly rather that spiritual focus.
Humanism A movement that emphasized the possibilities of individual accomplishment.
Baldassare Castiglione Italian aristocrat who wrote the The Courtier, which became a handbook for how to succeed in society.
Niccolo Machiavelli Florentine political philosopher and statesman who wrote The Prince, which advised rulers to separate morals from politics.
Lorenzo de Medici Ruler of Florence who was an important patron of arts and learning.
Leonardo de Vinci "Renaissance man" who became famous as a painter, architect, inventor, and engineer; painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Raphael Famous painter of both classical and religious subjects and accomplished architect.
Michelangelo Buonarroti Sculptor and painter famous for works such as the Sistine Chapel, the statue David, and the design of the Dome of St. Peter's Cathedral.
Johannes Guthenburg German man credited with the invention of movable type in the mid-1400s.
Desiderius Erasmus Priest and Christian humanist philosopher who wrote about the need for a simple Christian life without rituals and politics of the church.
Sir Thomas More English humanist who wrote Utopia, a book that told about a perfect but non existing society based on reason.
William Shakespeare English playwright and poet; author of such famous works as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Christine de Pisan Italian- born woman who wrote the first important work focusing on the role woman played in society.
Albrecht Durer German artist who visited Italy in the late 1400s, learning techniques of realism and perspective, influencing later German Renaissance artist.
Jan Van Eyck Flemish painter who focused on landscapes and everyday life.
Protestant Reformation A movement beginning in the 1500s to reform the Roman Catholic Church, which led to a split of the church between Catholics and Protestants.
Indulgences Exchange of money for forgiveness of sin.
Martin Luther Critic of the Roman Catholic Church whose these sparked discussion about its practices and beliefs and to the founding of Lutheranism.
Theocracy A government in which church and state are joined and whose officials are considered to be divinely inspired.
John Calvin Important protestant reformer whose writings became the basis of Calvinism.
Predestination Religious doctrine reformer that states God has already determined who will be saved and so nothing people do can change their fate.
Henry VIII English king who broke out of the Catholic Church in order to divorce his first wife.
Annulled Declared invalid based on church laws.
Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VIII and queen who firmly established England as Protestant.
Counter-Reformation Reform movement within the Catholic church.
Jesuits Religious order which emphasized reform of the church, spirituality, service to others, education, and the further spread of Catholicism; also called society of Jesus.
Ignatius of Loyola Founder of the Jesuits whose search for spiritual peace led him to give up his belongings and practice self-denial.
Council of Trent Meetings called by Pope Paul III to make a series of reforms to the church and clarify important teachings, took place between 1545 and 1563.
Charles Borromeo Archbishop of Milan who implemented the reforms decreed by the Council of Trent, such as building schools for priests.
Francis of Sales French missionary who returned the French district of Savoy to the Catholic church and founded a religious teaching order for women.
Teresa of Avila Spanish nun who reformed the Carmelite order.
Created by: quinnweathington
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