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Chapter 6
Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which are the 2 hormones produced /secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? | ADH and Oxytocin |
| ADH | Regulates water absorption by kidney (AQ2, controls B/P, decreases osmolarity). |
| Oxytocin | Stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown (uses positive feeback). |
| What is the connection b/w the hypothalmus and the anterior pituitary gland? | Hypothalmus secretes hormones which travel to the anterior pituitary via bloodstream. |
| Hypothalmus-> PRH+ (Lacatation) | Prolactin releasing hormone is triggered by nursing; breast is empty. |
| Hypothalmus-> PIH/Dopamine- | Prolactin inhibiting hormone is triggered when milk is full; stopped nursing. |
| Together PRH and PIH/Dopamine control | the secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland-> controls lactation. |
| Anterior pituitary gland->Lactotropes | -> Produce Prolactin (PRL); stimulates milk production. |
| End Organ-> Mammory Gland | -> Milk Synthesis |
| Hypothalmus -> TRH (metabolism) | Thyrotropin releasing hormone |
| Anterior pituitary gland-> Thyrotropes | -> Produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones. |
| End Organ-> Thyroid | -> Produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodotyhyronine (T3) |
| T3 and T4 | -> Affects BMR: rate at which body uses O2 to turn glucose into ATP (Increases). How fast you burn calories at rest. |
| Hypothalmus-> CRH (stress response) | Corticotropin releasing hormone |
| Anterior pituitary gland-> Corticotropes | Produces adrencorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocytestimulating hormoe (MSH) |
| End Organ-> ACTH stimulates Adrenal Cortex | -> Produces Cortisol: secreted during stress to keep GLU levels in blood high enough to support brain activity (Increases) |
| Coritsol helps... | + lipogenesis: stores fat, increase levels of GLU in blood which brain and spinal cord need 24/7, and +alertness/better decisions. |
| What are 7 hormones that anterior pituitary gland release? | PRH, PIH, TRH, CRH, GHRH, GHIH, GnRH |
| What are the 5 cell types of anterior pituitary gland? | Lactotropes, Thyrotropes, Corticotropes, Gondatropes, Somatotropes. |
| Hypothalmus-> GHRH + (during sleep only) | Growth hormone releasing hormone |
| Hypothalmus-> GHIH/Somatostatin - | Growth inhibiting hormone that stops when you are sleep deprived or even stress. |
| Together GHRH and GHIH/Somatostatin cotrols | the secretion of the growth hormone (GH) by the anterior pituitary gland-> controls growth and metabolism. |
| Anterior Pituitary Gland-> Somatotropes | ( Body)-> produces the growth hormone (GH) |
| GH | affects growth during childhood |
| End organ-> Liver | -> Produces Insulin growth factor (IGF) which causes cells to undergo mitosis (epithelial cells) to make new ones or repair cells (SKM) that were used during exercise and Immunity response. |
| IGF-1 | body growth in adults |
| Hypothalmus-> GnRH | Gondatropin releasing hormone |
| Anterior pituitary gland-> Gondatropes | Necessary for testes-> Produces follicle stimulating hormone (FH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). |
| End organ-> PSH-> Ovaries | -> produces Estrogen: prepares uterus for pregnancy and Progesterone: maintains pregnancy. |
| End organ-> LH-> Testes | -> produces Testosterone for spermotogenesis, lean muscle mass, and "maleness". |
| Ultrashort negative feedback | negative feedback to organ or origin. Ex: GnRH inhibits GnRH secretion by the hypothalmus. |
| Short negative feedback | Ex: LH which is secreted by pituitary gland inhibits GnRH secretion by hypothalmus. |
| Long negative feedback | Ex: Estrogen secreted by the ovary inhibits GnRH secretion by the hypothalmus. |
| Endocrine cells are located in where? | Pancretic Islets |
| What are the cell types of in islet of Langerhans | alpha cells: secrete glucagon, beta cells: secrete insulin, and delta cells: secrete somatostatin. |
| Glucagon | signals liver cells to release glucose from glycogen stores. |
| Insulin | signals most cell of the body to take up glucose from the blood and promote storage of glucose as glycogen by the liver. |
| Somatostatin | inhibits the release of glucagons and insulin by neighboring cells (paracrine action). |
| Pineal gland | secrets melatonin: induces sleep. |
| Thyroid | produce T3/T4, produces and secrets calcitonin, affect BMR. |
| Parathyroid glands | produces and secretes PTH. |
| Adrenal medulla | ANS, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| Adrenal cortex | Aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones. |
| Thymus | T-Cells |
| Gonads | Testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen |
| Heart | ANP |
| Kidneys | Erythropoietin, stimulate production of RBC. |
| GI Tract | regulate digestion and absorption of nutrients. |
| Liver | IGF |
| Skin | Calcitrol/Vit D |
Created by:
r_saelee
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