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Bus Research Methods
Chapter 1 - 8 definitions and summary questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evaluation research | The formal, objective measurement and appraisal of the extent a given activity, project, or program has achieved its objectives or whether continuing programs are presently performing as projected. |
| Scientific method | the way researchers go about using knowledge and evidence to reach objective conclusions about the real world. |
| Marketing-oriented | Describes a firm in which all decisions are made with a conscious awareness of their effect on the customer. |
| Business intelligence | the subset of data and information that actually has some explanatory power enabling effective decisions to be made. |
| Knowledge management | the process of creating an inclusive, comprehensive, easily accessible organizational memory, which is often called the organization’s intellectual capital. |
| Customer relationship management | the part of the DSS that addresses exchanges between the firm and its customers. |
| Internet | a worldwide network of computers that allows users access to information from distant sources. |
| Proprietary business research | the gathering of new data to investigate specific problems. |
| Pull technology | consumers request information from a web page and the browser then determines a response; the consumer is essentially asking for the data. |
| Push technology | sends data to a user’s computer without a request being made; software is used to guess what information might be interesting to consumers based on the pattern of previous responses. |
| Deductive reasoning | the logical process of deriving a conclusion about a specific instance based on a known general premise or something known to be true. |
| Inductive reasoning | the logical process of establishing a general proposition on the basis of observation of particular facts. |
| Scientific method (Part 1) | a set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting theoretical statements about events, for analyzing empirical evidence, and for predicting events yet unknown; |
| Propositions | statements explaining logical linkage among certain concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts. |
| Hypothesis | formal statement of an unproven proposition that is empirically testable. |
| Scientific method (Part 2) | techniques or procedures used to analyze empirical evidence in an attempt to confirm or disprove prior conceptions. |
| Exploratory research | conducted to clarify ambiguous situations or discover ideas that may be potential business opportunities. |
| Descriptive research | describes characteristics of objects, people, groups, organizations, or environments; tries to “paint a picture” of a given situation. |
| Diagnostic analysis | seeks to diagnose reasons for business outcomes and focuses specifically on the beliefs and feelings consumers have about and toward competing products. |
| Casual research | allows causal inferences to be made; seeks to identify cause and effect relationships. |
| Pilot study | a small scale research project that collects data from respondents similar to those to be used in the full study. |
| Focus group | a small group discussion about some research topic led by a moderator who guides discussion among the participants. |
| Cross-functional teams | employee teams composed of individuals from various functional areas such as engineering, production, finance, and marketing who share a common purpose. |
| Idealism | a term that reflects the degree to which one bases one’s morality on moral standards. |
| Placebo | a false experimental effect used to create the perception that some effect has been administered. |
| Pseudo-research | conducted not to gather information for marketing decisions but to bolster a point of view and satisfy other needs. |
| Relativism | a term that reflects the degree to which one rejects moral standards in favor of acceptability of some action. This way of thinking rejects absolute principles in favor of situation-based evaluations. |
| Dummy tables | tables placed in research proposals that are exact representations of the actual tables that will show results in the final report with the exception that the results are hypothetical (fictitious). |
| Probing | an interview technique that tries to draw deeper and more elaborate explanations from the discussion. |
| Situation analysis | the gathering of background information to familiarize researchers and managers with the decision-making environment. |
| Case studies | the documented history of a particular person, group, organization, or event. |
| Ethnography | represents ways of studying cultures through methods that involve becoming highly active within that culture. |
| Focus group interview | an unstructured, free-flowing interview with a small group of around six to ten people. Focus groups are led by a trained moderator who follows a flexible format encouraging dialogue among respondents |
| Grounded theory (Part 1) | represents an inductive investigation where the researcher poses questions about information provided by respondents or taken from historical records; |
| Hermeneutics | an approach to understanding phenomenology that relies on analysis of texts through which a person tells a story about him or herself. |
| Grounded theory (Part 2) | the researcher asks the questions to him/herself and repeatedly questions the responses to derive deeper explanations. |
| 6. Participant-observation | ethnographic research approach where the researcher becomes immersed within the culture he or she is studying and draws data from his or her observations. |
| 7. Phenomenology | a philosophical approach to studying human experiences based on the idea that human experience itself is inherently subjective and determined by the context in which people live. |
| 8. Qualitative business research | research that addresses business objectives through techniques that allow the researcher to provide elaborate interpretations of phenomena without depending on numerical measurement; its focus is on discovering true inner meanings and new insights. |
| 1. Data mining | the use of powerful computers to dig through volumes of data to discover patterns about an organization’s customers and products; applies to many different forms of analysis. |
| 2. Model building | the use of secondary data to help specify relationships between two or more variables; can involve development of descriptive or predictive equations. |
| 3. Neural networks | a form of artificial intelligence in which a computer is programmed to mimic the way the human brains process information. |
| 4. Secondary data | data that have been previously collected for some purpose other than the one at hand. |
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